1	Exotic Species
2	Office of Technology Assessment Report to Congress in 1993 found:
3	The first introductions probably occurred some 500 years ago with the earliest European settlers.
4	Types of Organisms Mollusks Crustaceans Fish Plants Sponges, hydroids, oligochaetes, polychaetes, bryozoans, amphipods, copepods, shipworms, and ascidians
5	Number of foreign fish species introduced to each continent
6	Number of foreign fish species introduced to each country
7	Number of Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Introduced into the US
8	Reasons for which species have been introduced:
9	Fish Introductions Internationally
10	Number of Nonindigenous Aquatic Species in the US by Pathway of Introduction
11	Likely Sources of Marine Introductions Ship hull fouling Ballast water dumping Escapes from field aquaculture Escapes or release of aquarium pets Incidental w/ aquaculture packing material Bait bucket Intentional stocking to start a fishery
12	Percentages of All Aquatic Species in the US Introduced from Other Continents
13	Invader Characteristics
14	To date, no comprehensive study has been done in Florida to determine what exotics may be present in marine habitats.
15	What we know about Florida: ~ 18 species of crustaceans (16 marine) ~ 20 species of mollusks (11 marine) ~ 60 species of plants (all freshwater) Over 120 species of fish introduced (Mostly freshwater fish species)
16	Exotics in Florida
17	Exotics in Florida
18	Exotics in Florida
19	Exotics in Florida
20	Scatophagus argus
21	Cromileptes altivelis
22	Penaeus monodon
23	Platychirograpsus spectabilis
24	Scylla serrata
25	Charybdis hellerii
26	Petrolisthes armatus
27	Balanus sp.
28	Capybara
29	Perna viridis
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31	Hydrilla
32	Water hyacinths
33	Salvinia minima and S. molesta
34	Giant salvinia
35	Plants closely associated with aquarium trade known to be invasive
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39	Phyllorhiza punctata
40	Rapana venosa
41	Eriocheir sinensis
42	Carcinus maenas
43	Biofouling
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49	Economic Impacts Mechanical clean-up is costly Biocontrol is expensive Pesticides are expensive Herbicides are expensive Costs usually passed onto consumers and taxpayers
50	Biological Impacts Degradation of host environment Water quality Temperature, DO, pH, turbidity, eutrophication Displacement of native animals and plants Competition for food and space (aggression) Extinction of natives Introduction of new diseases and parasites to natives Predation by new invader Hybridization w/natives dilutes gene pool
51	Prevention and Control Ballast water exchange in open ocean Electrical barriers Public outreach by government agencies Biocontrol Water level manipulation Biocides Mechanical removal Legislation
52	Internet Buying
53	What does research need to do?
54	What can you do to help? Educate people about potential impacts moving species around can have such as: destroying biodiversity of unique ecosystems introducing diseases and parasites to natives hybridizing with native species thereby diluting the gene pool of the natives Elevate local invasive species issues to public and governments
55	What can the public do? Clean and dry all boating and fishing equipment before moving on to different location. Do not empty your bait bucket in the water. Do not empty livewell water to a new location. Do not purchase known invasive animals or plants that do not come from your locality. They will escape !!!
56	What can you and the public can do? Learn to identify exotics Learn which waters are infested Learn the laws concerning prohibited exotics
57	Do not release exotic pets !
58	Recommended Reading
59	On-Line Information