1	Nonindigenous Aquatic Species of the Mississippi River Basin Amy Benson U.S. Geological Survey Gainesville, Florida
2	Mississippi River Basin 291 Total species have been introduced including 60 foreign species
3	"60 Foreign Species" 60 Foreign Species 37 fishes 5 frogs 1 tubificid worm 2 jellyfish 4 crustaceans 1 mammal 9 mollusks 1 reptile
4	Mississippi River Basin 37 Foreign fish species (1) Belontidae (paradisefish) (1) Channidae (snakeheads) (6) Characidae (piranhas, pacus) (6) Cichlids (tilapia) (1) Cobitidae (weatherfish) (8) Cyprinidae (carp, goldfish, rudd) (1) Gobiidae (gobies) (1) Loricariidae (catfish) (1) Melanotaeniidae (rainbowfish) (1) Percidae (zander) (1) Pimelodidae (redtail catfish) (6) Poeciliidae (swordtails, platyfish) (3) Salmonidae (trout)
5	Mississippi River Basin Orechromis aureus - blue tilapia Misgurnus anguillicaudatus -Oriental weatherfish Carassius auratus - goldfish Ctenopharyngodon idella - grass carp Cyprinus carpio – common carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix - silver carp Hypophthalmichthys nobilis - bighead carp Scardinius eryrthrophthalmus - rudd Tinca tinca - tench Pterygoplichthys disjunctivus -vermiculated sailfin catfish Xiphophorus maculatus -southern platyfish Salmo trutta - brown trout
6	Mississippi River Basin Amphibians-Frogs Bufo marinus giant toad Osteopilus septentrionalis Cuban treefrog Eleutherodactylus coqui coqui Eleutherodactylus planirostris greenhouse frog Xenopus laevis African clawed frog Reptiles-Crocodilians Caiman crocodilus common caiman Mollusks-Bivalves Corbicula fluminea Asian clam Dreissena bugensis quagga mussel Dreissena polymorpha zebra mussel Mollusks-Gastropods Bithynia tentaculata mud bithynia Cipangopaludina chinensis Chinese mysterysnail Cipangopaludina japonica Japanese mysterysnail Melanoides tuberculatus red-rim melania Potamopyrgus antipodarum New Zealand mudsnail Radix auricularia big-ear radix Oligochaetes Branchiura sowerbyia tubificid worm Coelenterates - Hydrozoans Cordylophora caspia freshwater hydroid Craspedacusta sowerbyii freshwater jellyfish Coelenterates - Scyphozoans Phyllorhiza punctata spotted jellyfish Crustaceans - Cladocerans Daphnia lumholtzi water flea Eubosmina coregoni water flea Bythotrephes longimanus spiny water flea Crustaceans - Crabs Eriocheir sinensis Chinese mitten crab Crustaceans - Misc. Argulus japonica carp louse Mammals Myocastor coypus nutria
7	Mississippi River Basin Salmonids - grayling, Atlantic salmon, chinook, coho, kokanee, rainbow, brook, brown, cutthroat, golden, lake whitefish, cisco, Dolly Varden Mosquitofish Walleye Yellow perch Rainbow smelt Striped bass Freshwater drum White bass, yellow bass White perch Catfish (flathead, blue, white, madtoms, bullheads (3)) Brook stickleback Burbot Killifish, studfish
8	Upper Mississippi Basin 90 total species 74 fish (25 foreign) 5 crustaceans (crayfish, copepod (Eurytemora affinis), Daphnia lumholtzi (foreign) 7 mollusks Bivalves, snails (6 foreign) 2 reptiles Alligator, caiman 1 hydroid (Cordylophora caspia) 1 jellyfish (Craspedacusta sowerbyii)
9	Ohio Basin 133 total species 114 fish (12 foreign) 1 tubificid worm (foreign) 1 freshwater jellyfish (foreign) 8 crustaceans crayfish, cladocerans (foreign), copepod 5 mollusks (all foreign) bivalves, snails 4 reptiles alligator, caiman (foreign), turtles
10	Missouri Basin 155 total species (36 foreign) 127 fish (24 foreign) 7 reptiles Snakes, turtles, alligator 8 mollusks (7 foreign) Snails, bivalves 9 amphibians Frogs (3 foreign), salamanders 3 crustaceans Mysid, daphnia (foreign) 1 freshwater jellyfish (foreign)
11	Arkansas Basin 126 total species (23 foreign) 114 Fish (17 foreign species) 3 Amphibians Frogs (greenhouse frog – foreign) 1 Freshwater jellyfish (foreign) 4 Crustaceans (Crayfish, copepod, daphnia) 3 Mollusks (all foreign bivalves and snails) 1 Reptile (cottonmouth)
12	Tennessee Basin 85 total species 78 fish (14 foreign) 1 amphibian salamander 1 freshwater jellyfish (foreign) 3 crustaceans crayfish, daphnia (foreign) 2 mollusks bivalves (foreign)
13	Lower Mississippi Basin 51 total species 40 fish 11 foreign species 4 amphibians Frogs (all foreign) 1 freshwater jellyfish 3 crustaceans (2 foreign) Daphnia, crab, copepod 1 mammal Nutria (foreign)
14	Mississippi River Basin Intentional / Sport Fishing Salmonids, Centrarchids Bait Releases Minnows, shiners, dace, etc. Aquarium Releases / Escapes Stocked for Forage Shads, shiners Pet Escapes / Releases Reptiles Canal Connections Stock Contamination Ballast Water Aquaculture escapes Stocked for Biocontrol Carps Stock for Conservation Unknown
15	Crustaceans Corophium lacustre Illinois River, 4 counties in 2003 Marine, native to western Atlantic Daphnia lumholtzi Lake Pepin, MN in 1999 16 states Native to Africa, Australia
16	Orconectes rusticus
17	Argulus japonicus Genus referred to as “Fish lice” and more specifically the “carp louse” Parasitic primarily on fishes (bloodmeal) Found worldwide, 23 species in US (fresh water and marine) A. japonicus native to SE Asia Introduced with shipments of goldfish Fox River in Wisconsin (1988) (Mills et al. 1993)
18	Snakeheads Channa argus - collected hundreds in a Maryland pond in 2002, soon after eradicated; Imported as a food fish and later released in to the Maryland pond Giant snakehead collected in Rock River, Wisconsin in September 2003 Can reach 1.5 m Native to Russia, China, and Korea Five species collected in US C. argus (northern snakehead) C. maculata (snakehead mullet) C. marulius (bullseye snakehead) C. micropeltes (giant snakehead) C. striata (chevron snakehead) Channa marulius established in south Florida
19	Scardinius erythrophthalmus
20	Morone saxatilis
21	Coregonus artedi
22	Osmerus mordax
23	Ctenopharyngodon idella
24	Mylopharyngodon piceus March 2003 first specimen captured in the wild Caught by commercial fisherman in Horseshoe Lake, Alexander County, Illinois Triploid specimen Native of eastern Asia Molluscivore First imported incidentally with grass carp shipments, later as a food fish and biocontrol for a catfish parasite Escapes from a Missouri farm in 1994 Missouri but none recaptured
25	Hypophthalmichthys sp.
26	Perna viridis Tropical, marine mussel Discovered at a truck weigh station looking for zebra mussels Minnesota DNR investigated Boat had come from Florida On its way to North Dakota via Minnesota
27	Dreissena polymorpha First live mussel collected from Missouri River near Sioux City, Iowa in 1999 Discovered in the Zumbro River in Minnesota in 2000; Ossawinnamakee Lake in 2003 Discovered in 2003 at El Dorado Lake on the Walnut River in southeast Kansas Nearly 600 localities documented in the Mississippi Basin Four lakes in Pennsylvania, spanning the state from west to east in 2000-2001; Found in a quarry used for recreational diving in Virginia in 2002, a first for the state Zebra mussels have been detected in over 351 small lakes independent of the large river impoundments The number of infested lakes Michigan, Wisconsin, Ohio, Indiana, and New York continue to increase
28	Corbicula fluminea
29	Craspedacusta sowerbyi Hydromedusa is transparent and 5-25 mm in diameter and produce nematocysts Native to Yangtze River valley in China Wide range of habitats but most common in slowing-moving or stagnant waterbodies Reproduce in late summer (at least 25oC) Most reproduction is asexual Imported with ornamental aquatic plants Established in most US states (First record in 1916 in a Kentucky creek) Can consume fish eggs; preyed on by crayfish Impacts unknown
30	Mississippi River Basin
31	Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database Late 1800s Geographically referenced Added 30 species 2000-2003 1100 aquatic animals
32	TAXA Amphibians 42 Annelids 38 Coelenterates 27 Crustaceans 131 Fishes 610 Mammals 3 Mollusks 148 Reptiles 50 Sponges 7 Tunicates 19 Miscellaneous 15
33	Data comes from Scientific Literature Museum Specimens Personal communications Unpublished data
34	GIS Automatic mapping HUC – Hydrologic Unit Codes (Level 8) Points – River Mile, GPS coordinates (zebra mussels)
35	Data Needs Who (Collector, Identifier) What (Photo vouchers for foreign species) When Where (River Mile, Lake Name, GPS) Pathway Status Observed Collected Established Evidence of Reproduction
36	Acknowlegements U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Sea Grant U.S. Army Corps of Engineers U.S. Geological Survey State and local government agencies Many other cooperators