Approximately 60% of established exotic fishes are known or presumed to be associated with the aquarium trade. Release and subsequent establishment of aquarium fishes is not restricted to the U.S. It is common in many parts of the world. The convict cichlid which was released into springs in Nevada has contributed to the demise of the native Moapa White River springfish (Crenichthys baileyi) in Nevada. Other examples are the non-native sailfin molly which overlaps with the native Ash Meadows pupfish, and the non-native shortfin molly which overlaps with the Moapa White River springfish on 2 National Wildlife Refuges. These introductions are currently being studied to determine any impacts on these 2 rare desert fishes.