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| NAS - Nonindigenous Aquatic Species |
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Common Name: coccolithophorid
Taxonomy: available through 
Identification: Coccolithophorids in general display cell walls made of organic scales that are stuck together. In this species, coccoliths, or distal scales, are oval to round, bilaterally symmetric, and can be calcified or uncalcified, while base-plates, the organic matrix, and rimless scales are uncalcified. Coccolithophorids typically have a diploid generation with cells that display small coccoliths known as tremaliths and a haploid generation with cells that display two types of scales. In motile cells there is frequently a bulbous and squat haptonema that is vestigial, consisting of reduced scales at the flagellar end (Manton and Peterfi 1969; Billard and Inouye 2004). In Great Lakes specimens, cells are around 10 by 13.5 μm (Stoermer and Sicko-Goad 1977), although British specimens have been known to reach 30 μm across (John et al. 2002).
Size: <30 microns
Native Range: H. roseola is native to Eurasia (Manton and Peterfi 1969; Mills et al. 1993).
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Interactive maps: Continental US, Alaska, Hawaii, Caribbean
Nonindigenous Occurrences: H. roseola was first recorded in Lake Huron in 1975 (Stoermer and Sicko-Goad 1977; Mills et al. 1993).
Ecology:
Most coccolithophorids are marine species. In the genus Hymenomonas there are three species, two of which are marine, and the third which is H. roseola, a primarily freshwater species. H. roseola likely has marine ancestry.
The two marine species in this genus reproduce by alternation of generation of heteromorphic organisms, and H. roseola very likely reproduces in the same way. The alternation occurs between diploid cells and haploid, often benthic, cells (Manton and Peterfi 1969; Fresnel 1994).
H. roseola is known to occur in highly eutrophic waters. It can reach especially high density in ponds, small lakes, and polluted lentic river ways. It is also known to occur in littoral zones of large lakes, slightly brackish estuaries, and very occasionally in open waters of large lakes. The record from Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron occurred in highly eutrophic conditions due to inputs from industry and agriculture (Stoermer and Sicko-Goad 1977).
Means of Introduction: H. roseola could have been transferred from the Mississippi River basin or from Europe in ballast water of ships arriving in Lake Huron (Mills et al. 1993).
Status: The last record is from 1975. The present status of the population is unknown.
Impact of Introduction: Unknown.
Remarks: H. roseola has also been recorded in North America around the Woods Hole area in Massachusetts (Lackey 1936) and in Chesapeake Bay (Marshall 1980).
References
Billard, C. and I. Inouye. 2004. What is new in coccolithophore biology? Pp. 1-29 in Thierstein, H. R. and J. R. Young. Coccolithophores, From Molecular Processes to Global Impact. Springer. 565 pp.
Fresnel, J. 1994. A heteromorphic life cycle in two coastal coccolithophorids, Hymenomonas lacuna and Hymenomonas coronata (Prymnesiophyceae). Canadian Journal of Botany 72(10):1455-1462.
John, D. M., B. A. Whitton, and A. J. Brook. 2002. The Freshwater Algal Flora of the British Isles. An Identification Guide to Freshwater and Terrestrial Algae. Cambridge University Press. 714 pp.
Lackey, J. B. 1936. Occurrence and distribution of the marine protozoan species in the Woods Hole area. Biological Bulletin 70(2):264-278.
Manton, I. and L. S. Peterfi. 1969. Observations on the fine structure of coccoliths, scales and the protoplast of a freshwater coccolithophorid, Hymenomonas roseola Stein, with supplementary observations on the protoplast of Cricosphaera carterae. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B, Biological Sciences 172(1026):1-15.
Marshall, H. G. 1980. Seasonal phytoplankton composition in the lower Chesapeake Bay and Old Plantation Creek, Cape Charles, Virginia. Estuaries 3(3):207-216.
Mills, E. L., J. H. Leach, J. T. Carlton, and C. L. Secor. 1993. Exotic species in the Great Lakes: a history of biotic crises and anthropogenic introductions. Journal of Great Lakes Research 19(1):1-54.
Stoermer, E. F. and L. Sicko-Goad. 1977. A new distribution record of Hymenomonas roseola new record Prymnesiophyceae, Coccolithophoraceae and Spiniferomonas trioralis new record Chrysophyceae, Synuraceae, in the Laurentian Great Lakes, USA. Phycologia 16(4):355-358.
Author: Rebekah M. Kipp
Contributing Agencies: 
NOAA - GLERL
Revision Date: 7/23/2007 Citation for this information:
Rebekah M. Kipp. 2009. Hymenomonas roseola. USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database, Gainesville, FL.
<http://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/FactSheet.asp?speciesID=1696> Revision Date: 7/23/2007
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