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| NAS - Nonindigenous Aquatic Species |
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Common Name: pearl gourami
Taxonomy: available through 
Identification: For distinguishing characteristics and a key, see Smith (1945); distinguishing characteristics were also provided by Sterba (1973) and Kottelat et al. (1993). Color photographs appeared in Axelrod et al. (1985) and Kottelat et al. (1993). Also appears as Trichogaster leeri (Roberts 1989).
Size: 12 cm.
Native Range: Tropical Asia. Southeast Asia including Thailand, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo (Roberts 1989).
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Interactive maps: Continental US, Alaska, Hawaii, Caribbean
Nonindigenous Occurrences: Collected in Lake Worth Drainage District canal L-15, west of Atlantis and Lantana, adjacent to a fish farm in Palm Beach County, Florida, in 1970 (Courtenay et al. 1974; Courtenay and Hensley 1979a). Released in unspecified area on Oahu, Hawaii, in 1940; the introduction failed (Maciolek 1984).
Means of Introduction: In Florida, probable release or escape from fish farm (Courtenay et al. 1974). Hawaii record based on failed introduction of unknown number of fish released on island of Oahu from Asia(?) in 1940 (Maciolek 1984).
Status: Reported from Florida and Hawaii.
Impact of Introduction: Unknown.
Remarks: There are no known voucher specimens.
Axelrod, H. R., W. E. Burgess, N. Pronek, and J. G. Walls. 1985. Dr. Axelrod's atlas of freshwater aquarium fishes. Tropical Fish Hobbyist Publications, Inc., Neptune City, NJ.
Courtenay, W. R., Jr., and D. A. Hensley. 1979a. Survey of introduced non-native fishes. Phase I Report. Introduced exotic fishes in North America: status 1979. Report Submitted to National Fishery Research Laboratory, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Gainesville, FL.
Courtenay, W. R., Jr., H. F. Sahlman, W. W. Miley, II, and D. J. Herrema. 1974. Exotic fishes in fresh and brackish waters of Florida. Biological Conservation 6(4):292-302.
Kottelat, M., A. J. Whitten, S. N. Kartikasari, and S. Wirjoatmodjo. 1993. Freshwater fishes of Western Indonesia and Sulawesi. Periplus Editions, Ltd., Republic of Indonesia. 221 pp. (+ plates).
Maciolek, J. A. 1984. Exotic fishes in Hawaii and other islands of Oceania. Pages 131-161 in W. R. Courtenay, Jr., and J. R. Stauffer, Jr., editors. Distribution, biology, and management of exotic fishes. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD.
Roberts, T. R. 1989. The freshwater fishes of Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat, Indonesia). Memoirs of the California Academy of Science 14. California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA. 210 pp.
Smith, H. M. 1945. The fresh-water fishes of Siam, or Thailand. Bulletin of the U.S. National Museum (Smithsonian Institution) 188:1-622.
Sterba, G. 1973. Freshwater fishes of the world. English translation and revision from German. Two volumes. Tropical Fish Hobbyist Publications, Inc., Neptune City, NJ.
Other Resources:
Species Summary for Trichogaster leerii pearl gourami (FishBase)
FishBase Fact Sheet
Author: Leo Nico
Revision Date: 6/28/2004 Citation for this information:
Leo Nico. 2009. Trichogaster leerii. USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database, Gainesville, FL.
<http://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/FactSheet.asp?speciesID=331> Revision Date: 6/28/2004
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