| Impact ID | 2779 |
| Impact Type | Competition |
| Study Type | Observational |
| Study Location | Field |
| Impact Description | Native unionid mussels infested with zebra mussels attached had higher ammonia excretion rates, lower respiration to nitrogen excretion ratios, lower carbohydrate and protein contents, and lower clearance rates than noninfested unionids. Native mussels also had depleted energy stores and may have been starving, relative to noninfested individuals from the same location. |
| Reference | 20352 |
| Cost | |
| Location | Mississippi River, Minnesota |