| Impact ID | 4220 |
| Impact Type | Competition |
| Study Type | Observational |
| Study Location | Field |
| Impact Description | Due to its competitive nature, Phragmites australis has replaced over 90% of Typha/Scirpus reed marshes in just 30 years. Riverbanks and creeks are now dominated by P. australis monocultures in the area. |
| Reference | 23335 |
| Cost | |
| Location | Connecticut River, USA |