| Impact ID | 4222 |
| Impact Type | Competition |
| Study Type | Observational |
| Study Location | Field |
| Impact Description | Both density and frequency of submerged vascular plants (Ruppia maritima and Eleocharis parvula) and macroalgae (Enteromorpha sp. and Vaucheria sp.) was much higher in creeks without Phragmites australis. |
| Reference | 23335 |
| Cost | |
| Location | Connecticut River, USA |