Cherax quadricarinatus (von Martens, 1868)

Common Name: Australian redclaw crayfish

Synonyms and Other Names:

Queensland Redclaw Crayfish, Tropical Blue Crayfish, Freshwater Blueclaw Crayfish, North Queensland Yabby, Blue Lobster, Redclaw Crayfish



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Identification: Cherax quadricarinatus is a large bodied crayfish with a blue-green to green color with red and maroon highlights. Adult males have a soft, fleshy, bright red patch on the outer margin of the major chelae. This species also has four long and distinct carinae (ridges) on the dorsal surface of the cephalon (Coughran and Leckie 2007.


Size: Cherax quadricarinatus may reach a total length of about 250 mm (9.8 inches) and weigh up to 600 grams (21.2 oz) (Ahyong and Yeo 2007)


Native Range: Cherax quadricarinatus is native to Australia, and can be found in freshwater creeks and water bodies in tropical Queensland, the Northern Territory and southeastern Papua New Guinea (Coughran and Leckie 2007).


This species is not currently in the Great Lakes region but may be elsewhere in the US. See the point map for details.

Table 1. States/provinces with nonindigenous occurrences, the earliest and latest observations in each state/province, and the tally and names of HUCs with observations†. Names and dates are hyperlinked to their relevant specimen records. The list of references for all nonindigenous occurrences of Cherax quadricarinatus are found here.

State/ProvinceFirst ObservedLast ObservedTotal HUCs with observations†HUCs with observations†
CA201820211Los Angeles
NV202320231Las Vegas Wash
PR199820123Cibuco-Guajataca; Eastern Puerto Rico; Southern Puerto Rico
TX201320222Lower Rio Grande; South Laguna Madre

Table last updated 10/3/2024

† Populations may not be currently present.


Ecology: Cherax quadricarinatus is tolerant of a wide variety of habitats. They can be found in tropical and subtropical climates coastal streams and freshwater environments, with a preference for the slower moving upper reaches of rivers as well as lakes and lagoons (Wingfield 2002). Cherax quadricarinatus is a non-burrowing species that is tolerant of high temperatures and relatively low dissolved oxygen concentrations (Masser and Rouse 1997).
    Cherax quadricarinatus become sexually mature within one year. Females produce up to 1000 eggs at temperatures of 59°F and above and can produce 3-5 broods during a breeding season (Masser and Rouse 1997).


Means of Introduction: Cherax quadricarinatus has a High probability of introduction to the Great Lakes (Confidence level: Moderate).
    Potential pathway(s) of introduction: Unauthorized intentional release

    C. quadricarinatus is not currently established in any waters that are connected to the Great Lakes Basin. Within the United States, it is only established in Puerto Rico. They are not known to hitchhike or foul boats. While they are a commonly cultured species in Puerto Rico and Australia, they are not commercially cultured anywhere in the continental United States.  However, C. quadricarinatus is a popular aquarium species that is readily available through online retailers.


Status: Established via aquaculture escape in Puerto Rico (Williams et al. 2001).

Cherax quadricarinatus has a Low probability of establishment if introduced to the Great Lakes (Confidence level: High).

Redclaw are a highly fecund species of crayfish. Females typically reach sexual maturity within one year, they produce up to 1000 eggs per brood and are able to produce 3-5 broods during a breeding season (Masser and Rouse, 1997).  They are tolerant of high temperatures and low dissolved oxygen (Masser and Rouse, 1997).
    However, C. quadricarinatus prefers warmer temperatures. They have not become established in any biomes outside of the tropics or subtropics (USFWS, 2012). One study on improving aquaculture practices of Redclaw Crayfish found that juveniles were completely immobilized at 14 degrees Celsius, and adults kept outdoors reached 100% mortality in December when average daily temperatures were still above 14 degrees Celsius (Patillo, 2010). This preference for high water temperature makes it unlikely that C. quadricarinatus would be able to find suitable habitat in the Great Lakes.


Great Lakes Impacts:
Summary of species impacts derived from literature review. Click on an icon to find out more...

EnvironmentalSocioeconomic


Cherax quadricarinatus has the potential for high environmental impact if introduced to the Great Lakes.

Cherax quadricarinatus is a known carrier of viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites (Austin et al., 2009), as well as crayfish plague (Australian Blue Yabby Aquaculture, 2010). They were shown to significantly decrease the size, but not survival, of a native crayfish species in a mesocosm experiment at Auburn University (Patillo, 2010). Ahyong and Yeo (2007) note that they have the potential to negatively affect native species through predation, direct competition, or habitat modification.

There is little or no evidence to support that Cherax quadricarinatus has the potential for significant socio-economic impacts if introduced to the Great Lakes.

It has not been reported that Cherax quadricarinatus poses a threat to human health or water quality. There is no evidence that this species negatively impacts infrastructure, economic sectors, recreational activities and associated tourism, or the aesthetic appeal of the areas it inhabits.

Cherax quadricarinatus has the potential for moderate beneficial impacts if introduced to the Great Lakes.

Cherax quadricarinatus has commercial value as an aquaculture species in Australia, Argentina, Ecuador, Mexico, Puerto Rico, and  Uruguay; however they are less popular than other freshwater invertebrate aquaculture species, so the overall economic contribution of this activity is small  (FAO, 2011). It is not used as a biological control agent of other nuisance species, and they are not known to improve water quality. They are not commonly employed as a recreational fishery.


Management: Regulations (pertaining to the Great Lakes region)
        There are no known regulations specific to this species. However, Pennsylvania restricts the sale, possession, introduction and transportation of all crayfish species; Wisconsin  prohibits all non-native crayfish; and Minnesota prohibits the importation of all crayfish into the state. Note: Check federal, state/provincial, and local regulations for the most up-to-date information
    Control
    Biological
    The Wisconsin department of natural resources found that restricting the harvest of known crayfish predators caused a significant decline in invasive crayfish populations (Hein et al., 2007).

   
    Physical
    Intensive trapping is a common method used to control crayfish (Moorhouse et al., 2013; Peay, 2001) . However, trapping has not been found to completely eradicate established crayfish populations.
   
    Chemical
    Cypermethrin is a commonly used piscicide for crayfish control (Hyatt, 2004).
   
    Other
    There are no known other control methods for this species


References (click for full reference list)


Author: Boucher, N., A. Elgin


Contributing Agencies:
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Revision Date: 3/25/2019


Citation for this information:
Boucher, N., A. Elgin, 2024, Cherax quadricarinatus (von Martens, 1868): U.S. Geological Survey, Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database, Gainesville, FL, and NOAA Great Lakes Aquatic Nonindigenous Species Information System, Ann Arbor, MI, https://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/greatlakes/FactSheet.aspx?Species_ID=220&Potential=Y&Type=2&HUCNumber=DGreatLakes, Revision Date: 3/25/2019, Access Date: 10/3/2024

This information is preliminary or provisional and is subject to revision. It is being provided to meet the need for timely best science. The information has not received final approval by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and is provided on the condition that neither the USGS nor the U.S. Government shall be held liable for any damages resulting from the authorized or unauthorized use of the information.