| Impact ID | 4228 |
| Impact Type | Competition |
| Study Type | Observational |
| Study Location | Field |
| Impact Description | Phragmites autralis has replaced native Spartina-dominated stands in marshes with man-made tidal alterations throughout the New England region of the United States. |
| Reference | 36124 |
| Cost | |
| Location | New England Region, USA |