| Impact ID | 4586 |
| Impact Type | Competition |
| Study Type | Observational |
| Study Location | Field |
| Impact Description | Phalaris arundinacea replaced most native vegetation and dominated wetland sites, often covering 75-100% of the area in the northern midwest United States. |
| Reference | 36917 |
| Cost | |
| Location | Minnesota, South Dakota, Iowa |