Reference List

This list includes references used to derive specimen records as well as those with scientific name Cyprinella spiloptera listed in key words.

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REFTypeCut-and-Paste Reference
1935 Conference Proceedings Christmas, J., R. Eades, D. Cincotta, A. Shiels, R. Miller, J. Siemien, T. Sinnott, and P. Fuller. 2000. History, management, and status of introduced fishes in the Chesapeake Bay basin. Page 29 p in Proceedings of the Conference of Biological Diversity. Maryland Department of Natural Resources. Annapolis, MD.
26784 Journal Article Gibbs, R.H., Jr. 1957. Cyprinid fishes of the subgenus Cyprinella of Notropis. II. Distribution and variation of Notropis spilopterus, with the description of a new subspecies. Lloydia 20(3):186–211.
24494 Journal Article Gibbs, R.H., Jr. 1963. Cyprinid fishes of the subgenus Cyprinella of Notropis. The Notropis whipplei-analostanus-chloristius complex. Copeia 1963(3):511–528. http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/1441471.
1662 Book Chapter Hocutt, C.H., R.E. Jenkins, and J.R. Stauffer, Jr. 1986. Zoogeography of the fishes of the central Appalachians and central Atlantic coastal plain. Page 161–212 in Hocutt, C.H., and E.O. Wiley, eds. The zoogeography of North American freshwater fishes. John Wiley and Sons. New York, NY.
706 Book Jenkins, R.E., and N.M. Burkhead. 1994. Freshwater fishes of Virginia. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, MD.
275 Book Lee, D.S., C.R. Gilbert, C.H. Hocutt, R.E. Jenkins, D.E. McAllister, and J.R. Stauffer, Jr. 1980. Atlas of North American freshwater fishes. North Carolina State Museum of Natural History, Raleigh, NC.
20908 Database North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences. 2011. North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences - Ichthyology Collection Database. North Carolina Museum of Natural History. http://collections.naturalsciences.org/searchFishes.aspx. Accessed on 02/14/2014.
26803 Journal Article Schaefer, S.A., and T.M. Cavender. 1986. Geographic variation and subspecific status of Notropis spilopterus (Pisces: Cyprinidae). Copeia 1986(1):122–130. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1444897.
16152 Database Schainost, S. 2005. Exotic fish distributions in Nebraska.
46623 Database U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2025. Great Lakes Basin-Wide Early Detection Monitoring - Fish and Invertebrate Dataset. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. https://iris.fws.gov/APPS/ServCat/Reference/Profile/187920. Created on 12/11/2025. Accessed on 03/09/2026.
14257 Web Page U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2005. National Wildlife Refuge System Invasive Species. http://www.nwrinvasives.com/index.asp (Last accessed 2006).


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Citation information: U.S. Geological Survey. [2026]. Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database. Gainesville, Florida. Accessed [5/1/2026].

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