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Cut-and-Paste Reference:
Chapman, D.C., and J.E. Deters. 2009. Effects of water hardness and dissolved-solid concentration on hatching success and egg size in bighead carp. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 138:1226-1231. http://afsjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1577/T09-004.1.
Reference Details:
Reference Number: 18870
Type: Journal Article
Author: Chapman, D.C., and J.E. Deters
Date (year): 2009
Article Title:Effects of water hardness and dissolved-solid concentration on hatching success and egg size in bighead carp.
Journal Name: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society
Volume: 138
Issue:
Pages: 1226-1231
URL: http://afsjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1577/T09-004.1
Keywords: Hypophthalmichthys nobilis, bighead carp
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Citation information: U.S. Geological Survey. [2026]. Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database. Gainesville, Florida. Accessed [1/17/2026].

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