Disclaimer:

The Nonindigenous Occurrences section of the NAS species profiles has a new structure. The section is now dynamically updated from the NAS database to ensure that it contains the most current and accurate information. Occurrences are summarized in Table 1, alphabetically by state, with years of earliest and most recent observations, and the tally and names of drainages where the species was observed. The table contains hyperlinks to collections tables of specimens based on the states, years, and drainages selected. References to specimens that were not obtained through sighting reports and personal communications are found through the hyperlink in the Table 1 caption or through the individual specimens linked in the collections tables.




Ictalurus punctatus
Ictalurus punctatus
(Channel Catfish)
Fishes
Native Transplant

Copyright Info
Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque, 1818)

Common name: Channel Catfish

Taxonomy: available through www.itis.govITIS logo

Identification: Becker (1983); Page and Burr (1991); Etnier and Starnes (1993); Jenkins and Burkhead (1994).

Size: Maximum size: 127 cm.

Native Range: St. Lawrence-Great Lakes, Hudson Bay (Red River drainage), and Missouri-Mississippi River basins from southern Quebec to southern Manitoba and Montana south to the Gulf. Possibly also native on Atlantic and Gulf slopes from the Susquehanna River to the Neuse River, and from the Savannah River to Lake Okeechobee, Florida, and west to northern Mexico and eastern New Mexico (Page and Burr 1991).

Native range data for this species provided in part by NatureServe NS logo
Hydrologic Unit Codes (HUCs) Explained
Interactive maps: Point Distribution Maps

Nonindigenous Occurrences:

Table 1. States with nonindigenous occurrences, the earliest and latest observations in each state, and the tally and names of HUCs with observations†. Names and dates are hyperlinked to their relevant specimen records. The list of references for all nonindigenous occurrences of Ictalurus punctatus are found here.

StateFirst ObservedLast ObservedTotal HUCs with observations†HUCs with observations†
AZ1880202337Agua Fria; Big Chino-Williamson Valley; Bill Williams; Bouse Wash; Brawley Wash; Canyon Diablo; Centennial Wash; Detrital Wash; Grand Canyon; Grand Wash; Havasu Canyon; Havasu-Mohave Lakes; Imperial Reservoir; Lake Mead; Little Colorado Headwaters; Lower Colorado; Lower Colorado Region; Lower Colorado-Marble Canyon; Lower Gila; Lower Lake Powell; Lower Little Colorado; Lower Salt; Lower San Pedro; Lower Verde; Middle Gila; Middle Gila; Middle Little Colorado; San Francisco; Silver; Tonto; Upper Gila-San Carlos Reservoir; Upper Little Colorado; Upper Salt; Upper San Pedro; Upper Santa Cruz; Upper Verde; Yuma Desert
CA1874202434California Region; Honcut Headwaters-Lower Feather; Imperial Reservoir; Los Angeles; Lower Colorado; Lower Pit; Lower Sacramento; Middle San Joaquin-Lower Chowchilla; Mojave; Owens Lake; Russian; Sacramento-Stone Corral; Salton Sea; San Diego; San Gabriel; San Joaquin; San Joaquin Delta; San Luis Rey-Escondido; San Pablo Bay; Santa Ana; Santa Clara; Santa Margarita; Santa Maria; Seal Beach; Suisun Bay; Tulare Lake Bed; Tulare-Buena Vista Lakes; Upper Cache; Upper Coon-Upper Auburn; Upper Mokelumne; Upper Pit; Upper Sacramento; Upper Yuba; Whitewater River
CO1880201920Animas; Colorado Headwaters; Colorado Headwaters-Plateau; Gunnison; Lower Dolores; Lower Green-Diamond; Lower Gunnison; Lower San Juan-Four Corners; Lower White; Lower Yampa; McElmo; Middle South Platte-Cherry Creek; Piedra; Republican; Rio Grande Headwaters; San Luis; Upper Dolores; Upper Green-Flaming Gorge Reservoir; Upper San Juan; Upper White
CT196020183Housatonic; New England Region; Outlet Connecticut River
DE197620247Brandywine-Christina; Broadkill-Smyrna; Chincoteague; Delaware Bay; Mid Atlantic Region; Nanticoke; Upper Chesapeake
DC201020212Middle Potomac-Anacostia-Occoquan; Middle Potomac-Catoctin
FL198919891Cape Canaveral
GA197120206Altamaha; Altamaha; Savannah; South Atlantic-Gulf Region; Upper Ocmulgee; Upper Oconee
HI195320145Hawaii; Hawaii Region; Kauai; Maui; Oahu
ID1890201135American Falls; Bear Lake; Beaver-Camas; Big Wood; Brownlee Reservoir; C.J. Strike Reservoir; Clearwater; Coeur d'Alene Lake; Goose; Hells Canyon; Idaho Falls; Kootenai; Lake Walcott; Little Wood; Lower Bear; Lower Bear-Malad; Lower Boise; Lower Kootenai; Lower Salmon; Lower Snake-Asotin; Middle Bear; Middle Kootenai; Middle Snake-Succor; North Fork Payette; Pacific Northwest Region; Payette; Pend Oreille; Pend Oreille Lake; Priest; Salmon Falls; Spokane; St. Joe; Upper Snake-Rock; Upper Spokane; Weiser
ME200120011St. George-Sheepscot
MD1949202214Cacapon-Town; Chincoteague; Choptank; Conococheague-Opequon; Gunpowder-Patapsco; Lower Potomac; Lower Susquehanna; Middle Potomac-Catoctin; Monocacy; Patuxent; Potomac; Severn; Tangier; Upper Chesapeake
MA197820052Ashuelot River-Connecticut River; Charles
MN200020126Crow; Elk-Nokasippi; Sauk; South Fork Crow; Twin Cities; Upper Mississippi-Crow-Rum
MO199419941Lake of the Ozarks
MT198819881Flathead Lake
NV1937201814Carson Desert; Central Lahontan; Havasu-Mohave Lakes; Imperial Reservoir; Ivanpah-Pahrump Valleys; Lake Mead; Las Vegas Wash; Little Humboldt; Lower Humboldt; Lower Virgin; Middle Carson; Muddy; Pyramid-Winnemucca Lakes; Truckee
NJ190520218Cohansey-Maurice; Crosswicks-Neshaminy; Hackensack-Passaic; Lower Delaware; Mid Atlantic Region; Mid-Atlantic Region; Middle Delaware-Musconetcong; Raritan
NM1957201914Chaco; Cimarron Headwaters; Middle San Juan; Mimbres; Rio Grande-Albuquerque; Rio Grande-Santa Fe; San Francisco; Upper Gila; Upper Gila-Mangas; Upper Pecos; Upper Pecos-Long Arroyo; Upper San Juan; Upper San Juan; Zuni
NY198620214Chenango; Hudson-Wappinger; Lower Hudson; Upper Susquehanna
NC1920202335Albemarle; Black; Cape Fear; Chowan; Contentnea; Deep; Fishing; Haw; Lower Cape Fear; Lower Catawba; Lower Dan; Lower Neuse; Lower Pee Dee; Lower Roanoke; Lower Tar; Lower Yadkin; Lumber; Middle Neuse; Neuse; Northeast Cape Fear; Pamlico; Pamlico Sound; Roanoke; Rocky; South Yadkin; Upper Broad; Upper Cape Fear; Upper Catawba; Upper Dan; Upper Neuse; Upper Pee Dee; Upper Pee Dee; Upper Tar; Upper Yadkin; Waccamaw
OR1889201326Beaver-South Fork; Brownlee Reservoir; Bully; Goose Lake; Lower Deschutes; Lower John Day; Lower Malheur; Lower Owyhee; Lower Willamette; Middle Columbia-Hood; Middle Columbia-Lake Wallula; Middle Snake-Payette; Middle Willamette; Molalla-Pudding; Pacific Northwest; Siletz-Yaquina; Tualatin; Umatilla; Umpqua; Upper Grande Ronde; Upper Klamath Lake; Upper Malheur; Upper Rogue; Upper Willamette; Walla Walla; Willamette
PA196620236Crosswicks-Neshaminy; Lower Delaware; Lower Susquehanna; Lower Susquehanna; Susquehanna; West Branch Susquehanna
PR193820245Cibuco-Guajataca; Culebrinas-Guanajibo; Eastern Puerto Rico; Puerto Rico; Southern Puerto Rico
SC1951201924Broad-St. Helena; Carolina Coastal-Sampit; Congaree; Cooper; Lake Marion; Little Pee Dee; Lower Broad; Lower Catawba; Lower Pee Dee; Lumber; Lynches; Middle Savannah; North Fork Edisto; Salkehatchie; Saluda; Santee; Santee; Seneca; Stevens; Tyger; Upper Broad; Upper Savannah; Waccamaw; Wateree
TX195919591East Galveston Bay
UT1880202429Duchesne; Escalante Desert-Sevier Lake; Hamlin-Snake Valleys; Jordan; Lower Bear-Malad; Lower Dolores; Lower Green; Lower Green-Desolation Canyon; Lower Green-Diamond; Lower Lake Powell; Lower San Juan; Lower San Juan-Four Corners; Lower Sevier; Lower Weber; Lower White; McElmo; Middle Bear; Middle Sevier; Price; San Pitch; Upper Bear; Upper Colorado-Dirty Devil; Upper Colorado-Kane Springs; Upper Green-Flaming Gorge Reservoir; Upper Lake Powell; Upper Virgin; Upper Weber; Utah Lake; Westwater Canyon
VA1969202330Albemarle; Appomattox; Chowan; Hampton Roads; James; Kanawha; Lower Chesapeake; Lower Dan; Lower James; Lower Potomac; Lower Rappahannock; Mattaponi; Middle James-Buffalo; Middle James-Willis; Middle Potomac-Anacostia-Occoquan; Middle Potomac-Catoctin; Middle Roanoke; North Fork Shenandoah; Pamunkey; Potomac; Rapidan-Upper Rappahannock; Rivanna; Roanoke; Roanoke Rapids; Shenandoah; South Fork Shenandoah; Upper Dan; Upper James; Upper Roanoke; York
WA1892201932Banks Lake; Chief Joseph; Colville; Duwamish; Lake Chelan; Lake Washington; Lewis; Lower Columbia-Clatskanie; Lower Columbia-Sandy; Lower Cowlitz; Lower Crab; Lower Grande Ronde; Lower Skagit; Lower Snake; Lower Snake; Lower Snake-Tucannon; Lower Yakima; Middle Columbia-Hood; Middle Columbia-Lake Wallula; Nisqually; Nooksack; Okanogan; Pacific Northwest Region; Palouse; Puget Sound; San Juan Islands; Snohomish; Strait of Georgia; Upper Columbia-Entiat; Upper Columbia-Priest Rapids; Upper Yakima; Walla Walla
WV199319931Potomac
WI195419833Manitowoc-Sheboygan; Upper Rock; Wolf
WY188019957Big Horn; Blacks Fork; Little Snake; North Platte; Upper Green-Flaming Gorge Reservoir; Upper Green-Slate; White - Yampa

Table last updated 12/13/2024

† Populations may not be currently present.


Means of Introduction: Intentionally stocked for sport fishing and food. The first introductions in the Colorado River took place in 1892-1893 or in 1906 (Miller and Alcorn 1946). They had become established throughout the Colorado basin by the early 1900s (Holden and Stalnaker 1975). The earliest stocking record for the Yampa River is from 1944 and involved 34,200 fingerling catfish (Tyus 1998). The introductions into Silver Lake and the Charles River in Massachusetts involved albino fish from the aquarium trade (Cardoza et al. 1993).

Status: Established in most waters where introduced.

Impact of Introduction: The Channel Catfish hybridizes with the threatened Yaqui catfish I. pricei in Mexico (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1994). Colorado pikeminnow Ptychocheilus lucius, an endangered species, have been documented to choke on introduced Channel Catfish when attempting to eat them (McAda 1983; Pimental et al. 1985; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1990). Jenkins and Burkhead (1994) speculated that introduced Channel Catfish may have contributed to the demise of an isolated population of trout-perch Percopsis omiscomaycus in the Potomac River in Virginia and Maryland. Introduced Channel Catfish may exert a major negative effect on populations of various endangered species. For instance, this species is known to prey on small and large endangered humpback chub Gila cypha in the Little Colorado River thereby limiting recruitment and also increasing adult mortality (Marsh and Douglas 1997). There is also evidence that this introduced catfish preys heavily on juveniles of razorback sucker Xyrauchen texanus that had been reintroduced into the Gila River of Arizona (Marsh and Brooks 1989). Introduced predatory fishes, including the Channel Catfish, may be partially responsible for the decline of the Chiricahua leopard frog Rana chiricahuensis in southeastern Arizona (Rosen et al. 1995) and have been shown to reduce the abundance and diversity of native prey species in several Pacific Northwest rivers (Hughes and Herlihy 2012).

Channel Catfish predation on crayfish resulted in a great loss of crayfish density in mesocosm experiments, and is likely the cause of native crayfish population decline in natural habitats where the Channel Catfish has been introduced (Adams 2007).

Remarks: Tyus et al. (1982) gave a distribution map for this species in the upper Colorado basin. Channel Catfish have also been stocked in many native areas including Arkansas (Robison and Buchanan 1988); Illinois (Burr, personal communication); Nebraska (Jones 1963). Harlan et al. (1987) stated that stocking in Iowa has widened this species' distribution. Cross and Collins (1995) mapped the species in every county in Kansas. Cross (1967) indicated a much more restricted distribution in the state and did not include every county. Presumably the more recent map indicates the species had been introduced to new locations since the 1967 publication. Cross (1967) also stated that it had been stocked in many lakes and ponds in the state.  Griffiths (1939) reported that the Channel Catfish was found in the ladders of the Bonneville Dam but no specimens were obtained. If introduction did occur it is though that they were unsuccessful.

According to Springsteen (2010), the Channel Catfish was the first species to be raised in commercial aquaculture for food purposes in the US.  Before that point, other species including tilapia and carp were raised in Egypt and China for sport.  The species was farmed in the Mississippi Delta region during the 1950s.

References: (click for full references)

Adams, S.B. 2007. Direct and indirect effects of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) on native crayfishes (Cambaridae) in experimental tanks. American Midland Naturalist 158: 85-96.

Becker, G. C. 1983. Fishes of Wisconsin. University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, WI.

Bradley, W. G. and J. E. Deacon. 1967. The biotic communities of southern Nevada. Nevada State Museum Anthropological Papers No. 13, Part 4. 201-273.

Burr, B. - Southern Illinois University at Carbondale, IL. 1995.

Cross, F. B. 1967. Handbook of Fishes of Kansas. State Biological Survey and University of Kansas Museum of Natural History, Miscellaneous Publication 45, Topeka, KS.

Dahlberg, M. D., and D. C. Scott. 1971a. The freshwater fishes of Georgia. Bulletin of the Georgia Academy of Science 29:1--64.

Dahlberg, M. D., and D. C. Scott. 1971b. Introductions of freshwater fishes in Georgia. Bulletin of the Georgia Academy of Science 29:245--252.

Deacon, J. E., and J. E. Williams. 1984. Annotated list of the fishes of Nevada. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 97(1):103--118.

Etnier, D. A., and W. C. Starnes. 1993. The fishes of Tennessee. University of Tennessee Press, Knoxville, TN.

Everhart, W. H., and W. R. Seaman. 1971. Fishes of Colorado. Colorado Game, Fish and Parks Division, Denver, CO. 75 pp.

Fowler, H. W. 1906. The fishes of New Jersey. Pages 35--477 in Annual Report of the New Jersey State Museum (1905), part II. MacCrellish and Quigley, State Province, Trenton, NJ.

Fowler, H. W. 1952. A list of the fishes of New Jersey, with off-shore species. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia CIV:89--151.

Griffiths, F. P. 1939. Considerations of the Introduction and Distribution of Exotic Fishes in Oregon. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 69: 240-273.

Harlan, J. R., E. B. Speaker, and J. Mayhew. 1987. Iowa fish and fishing. Iowa Department of Natural Resources, Des Moines, IA. 323 pp.

Hartel, K. E. 1992. Non-native fishes known from Massachusetts freshwaters. Occasional Reports of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Fish Department, Cambridge, MA. 2. September. pp. 1--9.

Hocutt, C.H., R.E. Jenkins, and J.R. Stauffer, Jr. 1986. Zoogeography of the fishes of the central Appalachians and central Atlantic Coastal Plain. 161-212 in C.H. Hocutt and E.O. Wiley, eds. The zoogeography of North American freshwater fishes. John Wiley and Sons, New York, NY.

Holden, P. B., and C. B. Stalnaker. 1975. Distribution and abundance of mainstream fishes of the middle and upper Colorado River basins, 1967--1973. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 104(2):217--231.

Howells, R. G., and J. A. Prentice. 1991. Performance of Florida largemouth bass from Cuba in Texas waters. Texas Parks and Wildlife Department Management Data Series 59, Austin, TX. 13 pp.

Hubert, W. 1994. Exotic fish. Pages 158--174 in T. L. Parrish, and S. H. Anderson, editors. Exotic species manual. Wyoming Game and Fish Department, Laramie, WY.

Hughes, R.M. and A.T. Herlihy. 2012. Patterns in catch per unit effort of native prey fish and alien piscivorous fish in 7 Pacific Northwest USA rivers. Fisheries 37(5):201-211.

Lanigan, S. H. and C. R. Berry. 1981. Distribution of fishes in the White River, Utah. The Southwestern Naturalist 26(4): 389-393.

Jenkins, R. E., and N. M. Burkhead. 1994. Freshwater fishes of Virginia. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, MD.

Koster, W. J. 1957. Guide to the fishes of New Mexico. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, NM.

Kraai, J. E., W. P. Provine, and J. A. Prentice. 1983. Case histories of three walleye stocking techniques with cost-to-benefit considerations. Proceedings of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies 37(1983):395--400.

Lampman, B. H. 1946. The coming of the pond fishes. Binfords and Mort, Portland, OR.

La Rivers, I. 1962. Fishes and fisheries of Nevada. Nevada State Print Office, Carson City, NV.

Lee, D. S., C. R. Gilbert, C. H. Hocutt, R. E. Jenkins, D. E. McAllister, and J. R. Stauffer, Jr. 1980 et seq. Atlas of North American freshwater fishes. North Carolina State Museum of Natural History, Raleigh, NC.

Lee, D. S., A. Norden, C. R. Gilbert, and R. Franz. 1976. A list of the freshwater fishes of Maryland and Delaware. Chesapeake Science 17(3):205--211.

Linder, A. D. 1963. Idaho's alien fishes. Tebiwa 6(2):12--15.

Loyacano, H. A. Jr. 1975. A List of Freshwater Fishes of South Carolina. Bulletin of the South Carolina Experimental Station.  Bulletin 580, 9 pp.

Luebke, R. W. 1978. Evaluation of a multi-predator introduction. Federal Aid Project F-31-R-4.

Maciolek, J. A. 1984. Exotic fishes in Hawaii and other islands of Oceania. Pages 131--161 in W. R. Courtenay, Jr., and J. R. Stauffer, Jr., editors. Distribution, biology, and management of exotic fishes. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD.

Marsh, P.C. and J.E. Brooks. 1989. Predation by Ictalurid catfishes as a deterrent to re-establishment of hatchery-reared razorback suckers.. Southwestern Naturalist 34(2):188-195. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3671728.

Marsh, P. C., and M. E. Douglas. 1997. Predation by introduced fishes on endangered humpback chub and other native species in the Little Colorado RIver, Arizona. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 126:343-346.

Matern, S.A., P.B. Moyle, and L.C. Pierce. 2002. Native and alien fishes in a California estuarine marsh: twenty-one years of changing assemblages. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society. 131: 797-816.

McAda, C. W. 1983. Colorado squawfish, Ptychocheilus lucius (Cyprinidae), with a channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Ictaluridae), lodged in its throat. Southwestern Naturalist 28(1):119--120.

Menhinick, E. F. 1991. The freshwater fishes of North Carolina. North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission. 227 pp.

Minckley, W. L. 1973. Fishes of Arizona. Arizona Fish and Game Department. Sims Printing Company, Inc., Phoenix, AZ.

Morris, J., L. Morris, and L. Witt. 1974. The fishes of Nebraska. Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, Lincoln, NE. 98 pp.

Morse, S. R. 1905. Fresh and salt water fish found in the waters of New Jersey, part I. Annual Report of the New Jersey State Museum. MacCrellish and Quigley, State Province, Trenton, NJ.

Moyle, P. B. 1976a. Inland fishes of California. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA.

Moyle, P. B., and R. A. Daniels. 1982. Fishes of the Pit River System, McCloud River System, and Surprise Valley Region. University of California Publications, Zoology 115:1--82.

Page, L. M., and B. M. Burr. 1991. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. The Peterson Field Guide Series, volume 42. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, MA.

Pflieger, W. - Missouri Department of Conservation, Columbia, MO.

Phillips, G. L., W. D. Schmid, J. C. Underhill. 1982. Fishes of the Minnesota region. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, MN.

Pimental, R., R. V. Bulkley, and H. H. Tyus. 1985. Choking of Colorado squawfish, Ptychocheilus lucius (Cyprinidae), on a channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Ictaluridae), as a cause of mortality. Southwestern Naturalist 30:154--158.

Platania, S. P. 1991. Fishes of the Rio Chama and upper Rio Grande, New Mexico, with preliminary comments on their longitudinal distribution. Southwestern Naturalist 36(2):186--193.

Prentice, J. A. 1977. Texas statewide walleye stocking evaluation. Federal Aid Project F-31-R-3.

Prentice, J. A. 1985. Texas statewide walleye fishery management program. Federal Aid Project F-31-R-11.

Pritchard, D. L., O. D. May, Jr., and L. Rider. 1976. Stocking of predators in the predator-stocking-evaluation reservoirs. Proceedings of the 30th annual conference of the Southeastern Association of Game and Fish Commissioners 30(1976):108--113.

Raasch, M. S., and V. L. Altemus, Sr. 1991. Delaware's freshwater and brackish water fishes -- a popular account. Delaware State College for the Study of Del-Mar-Va Habitats and the Society of Natural History of Delaware. 166 pp.

Reilly, S. 2000. Rotonda fish population jumps. Sun Herald. Available online at URL http://www.sun-herald.com.

Richardson, W.M., J.A. St. Amant, L.J. Bottroff, and W.L. Parker. 1970. Introduction of blue catfish into California. California Fish and Game. 70: 311-312.

Rohde, F. C., R. G. Arndt, J. W. Foltz, and J. W. Quattro. 2009. Freshwater Fishes of South Carolina. University of South Carolina Press, Columbia, SC. 430 pp.

Rosen, P.C., C.R. Schwalbe, D.A. Parizek, Jr., P.A. Holm, and C.H. Lowe. 1995. Introduced aquatic vertebrates in the Chiricahua region: effects on declining native ranid frogs. Pages 251-261 in DeBano, L.H., P.H. Folliott, A. Ortega-Rubio, G.J. Gottfried, R.H. Hamre, and C.B. Edminster, eds. Biodiversity and management of the Madrean Archipelago: the sky islands of southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico. US Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. Fort Collins, CO.

Schmidt, B. - Chief Fisheries Mangement, Division of Wildlife Resources, Salt Lake City, UT. Response to NBS-G non-indigenous questionaire. 1992.

Shebley, W. H. 1917. History of the introduction of food and game fishes into the waters of California. California Fish and Game 3(1):3-10.

Sigler, W. F., and R. R. Miller. 1963. Fishes of Utah. Utah Department of Fish and Game, Salt Lake City, UT. 203 pp.

Simpson, J., and R. Wallace. 1978. Fishes of Idaho. University of Idaho Press, Moscow, ID.

Smith, H. M. 1896. A review of the history and results of the attempts to acclimatize fish and other water animals in the Pacific states. Bulletin of the U.S. Fish Commission for 1895, 40:379--472.

Springer, C. 2005. Catfish removal benefits San Juan River. ESPN Outdoors. Available online at URL http://espn.go.com/outdoors/conservation/s/2005/0202/1982675.html

Springsteen, Elizabeth R. 2010. Aquaculture and the Lacey Act. An Agricultural Law Research Project published by the National Agricultural Law Center at the University of Arkansas, 1-5.

Starnes, W.C., J. Odenkirk, and M.J. Ashton. 2011. Update and analysis of fish occurrences in the lower Potomac River drainage in the vicinity of Plummers Island, Maryland—Contribution XXXI to the natural history of Plummers Island, Maryland. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 124(4):280-309.

Stauffer, J. R., Jr., J. M. Boltz, and L. R. White. 1995. The fishes of West Virginia. West Virginia Department of Natural Resources. Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA. 389 pp.

Stiles, E. W. 1978. Vertebrates of New Jersey. Edmund W. Stiles, Somerset, NJ.

Sublette, J. E., M. D. Hatch, and M. Sublette. 1990. The fishes of New Mexico. New Mexico Department of Game and Fish, University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, NM. 393 pp.

Tilmant, J.T. 1999. Management of nonindigenous aquatic fish in the U.S. National Park System. National Park Service. 50 pp.

Trautman, M. B. 1981. The fishes of Ohio. Ohio State University Press, Columbus, OH.

Tyus, H. M., B. D. Burdick, R. A. Valdez, C. M. Haynes, T. A. Lytle, and C. R. Berry. 1982. Fishes of the upper Colorado River basin: distribution, abundance, and status. Pages 12--70 in W. H. Miller, H. M. Tyus, and C. A. Carlson, editors. Fishes of the upper Colorado River system: present and future, Western Division, American Fisheries Society.

Sakamoto, M. 2002. Deadly nymphs. Hawaii Fishing News. 25(5): 16-17.

Sommer, T, B. Harrell, M. Nobriga, R. Brown, P. Moyle, W. Kimmerer, and L. Schemel. 2001. California's Yolo Bypass: Evidence that flood control can be compatible with fisheries, wetlands, wildlife, and agriculture. Fisheries. American Fisheries Society. 26 (8): 6-16.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1990. Colorado squawfish recovery plan. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Denver, CO. 56 pp.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1994. Yaqui fishes recovery plan. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Albuquerque, NM. 48 pp.

Vinyard, G.L. 2001. Fish Species Recorded from Nevada. Biological Resources Research Center. University of Nevada, Reno. 5 pp.

Waldrip, L. 1993a. 1992 fish stocking report. Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. January 8, 1993. 1993: 9-12.

Waldrip, L. 1993b. Fish Stocking Report. Texas Parks and Wildlife News. March 5, 1993. 1993: 7-8.

Whitworth, W. R. 1996. Freshwater Fishes of Connecticut. State Geological and Natural History Survey of Connecticut, Bulletin 114.

Wydoski, R. S., and R. R. Whitney. 1979. Inland fishes of Washington. University of Washington Press, Seattle, WA.

Other Resources:
FishBase Summary

Author: Pam Fuller, and Matt Neilson

Revision Date: 10/4/2019

Peer Review Date: 5/29/2012

Citation Information:
Pam Fuller, and Matt Neilson, 2024, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque, 1818): U.S. Geological Survey, Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database, Gainesville, FL, https://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/FactSheet.aspx?SpeciesID=2341, Revision Date: 10/4/2019, Peer Review Date: 5/29/2012, Access Date: 12/13/2024

This information is preliminary or provisional and is subject to revision. It is being provided to meet the need for timely best science. The information has not received final approval by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and is provided on the condition that neither the USGS nor the U.S. Government shall be held liable for any damages resulting from the authorized or unauthorized use of the information.

Disclaimer:

The data represented on this site vary in accuracy, scale, completeness, extent of coverage and origin. It is the user's responsibility to use these data consistent with their intended purpose and within stated limitations. We highly recommend reviewing metadata files prior to interpreting these data.

Citation information: U.S. Geological Survey. [2024]. Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database. Gainesville, Florida. Accessed [12/13/2024].

Contact us if you are using data from this site for a publication to make sure the data are being used appropriately and for potential co-authorship if warranted.

For general information and questions about the database, contact Wesley Daniel. For problems and technical issues, contact Matthew Neilson.