Identification: In general, members of the Cichlidae family (cichlids) are superficially similar to sunfishes and black basses (Centrarchidae: Lepomis and Micropterus). Cichlids can be distinguished from centrarchids by a single nostril opening on each side of the head and the presence of a discontinuous or two-part lateral line, in comparison to two nostril openings and a continuous lateral line in centrarchids. Their coloration is silvery, often with scattered small black spots, and a series of black blotches along the midline of the body and distinct blotches at posterior ends of the opercula and base of the caudal fin. They possess a large and highly protrusible mouth. Some individuals, rare in the wild but popular in the aquarium trade, have a red to orange coloration and are given the common name red bay snook (Greenfield and Thomerson 1997).
Table 1. States with nonindigenous occurrences, the earliest and latest observations in each state, and the tally and names of HUCs with observations†. Names and dates are hyperlinked to their relevant specimen records. The list of references for all nonindigenous occurrences of Petenia splendida are found here.
Table last updated 4/12/2025
† Populations may not be currently present.
References: (click for full references)
Arredondo-Figueroa, J.L., J.J. Matsumoto-Soule, J.T. Ponce-Palafox, K. Shirai-Matsumoto, and J.L. Gomez-Marquez. 2012. Effects of protein and lipids on growth performance, feed efficiency and survival rate in fingerlings of Bay Snook (Petenia splendida). International Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 4:204–213.
Brown, M.E. 2022. Fish Chat and Slam December 2022. Fish Chat and Slam December 2022 | U.S. Geological Survey (usgs.gov) (Accessed: 8/16/2023)
Cochran-Biederman J.L., and K.O. Winemiller. 2010. Relationships among habitat, ecomorphology and diets of cichlids in the Bladen River, Belize. Environmental Biology of Fishes 88: 143–152, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-010-9624-y
Greenfield, D.M., and J.E. Thomerson. 1997. Fishes of the Continental Waters of Belize. University Press of Florida, Gainesville, FL.
Miller, R.R., W.L. Minckley, and S.M. Norris. 2005. Freshwater Fishes of Mexico. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL.
Quintana, Y., C.A. Barrientos, and M. Allen. 2021. Evaluation of an Artisanal Freshwater Fishery in Guatemala Finds Underfished Conditions. North Am J Fish Manage, 41: 1731-1743. https://doi.org/10.1002/nafm.10690
Reséndez A., and M. Salvadores. 1983. Contribution to the knowledge of the biology of the lizard Lepisosteus tropicus (Gill) and the tenguayaca Petenia splendida (Günther), from the state of Tabasco. Biótica 8:413–426.
Schofield, P.J., H. Jelks, and K.B. Gestring. 2019. Eradication of two non-native cichlid fishes in Miami, Florida (USA). Management of Biological Invasions 10(2): 296-310.
This information is preliminary or provisional and is subject to revision. It is being provided to meet the need for timely best science. The information has not received final approval by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and is provided on the condition that neither the USGS nor the U.S. Government shall be held liable for any damages resulting from the authorized or unauthorized use of the information.