The first occurence record in Florida was of 200 R. marina that were intentionally introduced to Canal Point and Belle Glade, Palm Beach County, prior to 1936 (Lobdell, 1936, 1937), Several introductions of R. marina to Louisiana have been made, many prior to 1935, one of which could have been on the Grand Terre Islands (Jefferson and Plaquemines Parishes) (Easteal, 1981; Lever, 2001).
Rhinella marina were first introduced to Oahu, Hawaii in 1932 (Pemberton, 1933; Oliver, 1949; Lever, 2001). Descendants of this original introduction were subsequently spread, intentionally, throughout the Hawaiian Islands (Oliver, 1949; Oliver and Shaw, 1953; Easteal, 1981; McKeown, 1996; Lever, 2001, 2003).
A variety of introductions of R. marina have been made to several United States possessions, territories, trusts, and commonwealths including Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam (including Cocos Island) and Northern Mariana Islands, American Samoa, and Republic of Palau (Schwartz and Henderson, 1991; McCoid and Kleberg, 1995; Powell et al., 1996; Lever, 2001, 2003).
Cane toads have been introduced throughout much of the Caribbean including Antigua, Barbados, Cuba, Dominica, Grenada and Carriacou Island, Guadeloupe, Grand Cayman Island, Haiti, Dominican Republic, Jamaica (including Cabarita Island), Marie Galante, Martinique, Montserrat, Nevis, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Vincent, Tortola, and Isla de Guanaja (Honduras) (Powell et al., 1996, 1999; Censky and Kaiser, 1999; Lever, 2001, 2003; Burton and Echternacht, 2003; Powell and Henderson, 2003; Paice, 2005).
In the Pacific, R. marina have been introduced to Australia, Japan, Taiwan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Cook Islands, Micronesia, Fiji Islands, Kiribati, Republic of the Marshall Islands, the Solomon Islands, Republic of Palau and Tuvalu (Matsui, 1975; Sengoku, 1979; Lewis, 1989; Tyler, 1999; Lever, 2001, 2003; Beltz, 2005).
Other worldwide introductions include Bermuda, Egypt, Mauritius, Thailand, Korea, and Diego Garcia of the Chagos Archipelago (Easteal, 1981, 1986; Lever, 2001, 2003; Wingate, [2002]).
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This information is preliminary or provisional and is subject to revision. It is being provided to meet the need for timely best science. The information has not received final approval by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and is provided on the condition that neither the USGS nor the U.S. Government shall be held liable for any damages resulting from the authorized or unauthorized use of the information.