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The Nonindigenous Occurrences section of the NAS species profiles has a new structure. The section is now dynamically updated from the NAS database to ensure that it contains the most current and accurate information. Occurrences are summarized in Table 1, alphabetically by state, with years of earliest and most recent observations, and the tally and names of drainages where the species was observed. The table contains hyperlinks to collections tables of specimens based on the states, years, and drainages selected. References to specimens that were not obtained through sighting reports and personal communications are found through the hyperlink in the Table 1 caption or through the individual specimens linked in the collections tables.

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Common name: Hiko White River springfish

Taxonomy: available through www.itis.gov

Identification: La Rivers (1962); Sigler and Sigler (1987); Page and Burr (1991). This species consists of five subspecies: C. b. albivallis, C. b. baileyi, C. b. grandis. C. b. moapae, and C. b. thermophilus.

Size: 9 cm.

Native Range: Springs and remnants of the White River system in eastern Nevada (Page and Burr 1991).

Alaska	Hawaii	Puerto Rico & Virgin Islands	Guam Saipan

Hydrologic Unit Codes (HUCs) Explained
Interactive maps: Point Distribution Maps

Means of Introduction: According to Sevon and Delany (1987), the introduction of tropical aquarium fishes and largemouth bass had decimated the populations of C. b. grandis in their native habitats at Hiko Spring and Crystal Spring in the White River drainage of Nevada. Blue Link Spring was selected by federal and state agencies to serve as a refuge for this endangered subspecies; the site is far outside the native range of the Hiko White River springfish and differs substantially from their native habitat (Sevon and Delany 1987). The original transplant took place in early 1985 when 59 fish were planted in Blue Link Spring; a second transplant, in late 1985, involved the stocking of 178 additional fish (Sevon and Delany 1987).

Status: Hiko White River springfish populations fluctuated widely in Blue Link Spring; however, the total number had increased steadily to an estimated 5,500 individuals by 1994 (Lujan 1994). Native populations in Hiko and Crystal springs compete with various nonindigenous fishes, and their numbers remain low in those sites (Clemmer, personal communication).

Impact of Introduction: Transplants have helped secure the long-term viability of this species.

Remarks: Crenichthys b. baileyi and C. b. grandis are listed as federally endangered taxa. Prior to the elimination of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service candidate species list, Crenichthys b. albivallis, C. b. moapae, and C. b. thermophilus were under review for Federal listing as an endangered or threatened taxa (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1994a).

References: (click for full references)

Baugh, T. M., J. E. Deacon, and D. Withers. 1985. Conservation efforts with the Hiko White River springfish Crenichthys baileyi grandis (Williams and Wilde). Journal of Aquariculture and Aquatic Sciences IV(3):49-53.

Clemmer, G. - Nevada Natural Heritage Program, Carson City, NV.

Lujan, V. A. 1994. Native nongame fish progress report for region 1: surveys performed July through October, 1994. Nevada Division of Wildlife.

Page, L. M., and B. M. Burr. 1991. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. The Peterson Field Guide Series, volume 42. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, MA.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1994a. Endangered and threatened wildlife and plants: animal candidate review for listing as endangered or threatened species. 50 CFR 17.11 & 17.12. Federal Register, November 15, 1994. 59(219):58982-589028. U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, DC.

Other Resources:

Author: Fuller, P.

Peer Review Date: 11/15/1999

This information is preliminary or provisional and is subject to revision. It is being provided to meet the need for timely best science. The information has not received final approval by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and is provided on the condition that neither the USGS nor the U.S. Government shall be held liable for any damages resulting from the authorized or unauthorized use of the information.