Etheostoma simoterum (Snubnose Darter) Fishes Native Transplant
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Common name: Snubnose Darter
Synonyms and Other Names: (Tennessee snubnose darter).
Taxonomy: available through
www.itis.gov
Identification: Page and Burr (1991); Etnier and Starnes (1993). Several species were formerly combined with E. simoterum (e.g., E. atripinne), and Powers and Mayden (2007) redescribe the E. simoterum species complex and provide a key to species.
Size: 7.7 cm.
Native Range: Cumberland and Tennessee drainages in Virginia, North Carolina, Kentucky, Tennessee, Georgia, and Alabama (Page and Burr 1991). However, Menhinick (1991) did not list in North Carolina. The inclusion of North Carolina is probably based on Cope (1870) who listed the species in the state without comment.
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Hydrologic Unit Codes (HUCs) Explained
Interactive maps: Point Distribution Maps
Nonindigenous Occurrences:
Hocutt et al. (1986) listed this species as probably introduced into the Kanawha (New) drainage above the falls. This drainage occurrs in Virginia and West Virginia. However, Jenkins and Burkhead (1994) list this species as native, but possibly introduced into the New drainage and to the Big Sandy drainage in Virginia. Stauffer et al. (1995) listed this species as probably present, expected, and possibly introduced into the Kanawha above the falls in West Virginia. Page and Burr (1991) also do not include the Kanawha drainage (part of the Ohio basin) in their description of the species' range. They restrict the range to only the Tennessee drainage.
Table 1. States with nonindigenous occurrences, the earliest and latest observations in each state, and the tally and names of HUCs with observations†. Names and dates are hyperlinked to their relevant specimen records. The list of references for all nonindigenous occurrences of Etheostoma simoterum are found here.
Table last updated 11/12/2024
† Populations may not be currently present.
Means of Introduction: Unknown.
Status: Established in Virginia. Unknown in West Virginia.
Impact of Introduction: The impacts of this species are currently unknown, as no studies have been done to determine how it has affected ecosystems in the invaded range. The absence of data does not equate to lack of effects. It does, however, mean that research is required to evaluate effects before conclusions can be made.
References: (click for full references)
Cope, E.D. 1870. Partial synopsis of the fishes of the fresh waters of North Carolina. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 11:448-495.
Etnier, D.A., and W.C. Starnes. 1993. The fishes of Tenneessee. University of Tennessee Press, Knoxville, TN.
Harrington, R.C. and T.J. Near. 2012. Phylogenetic and coalescent strategies of species delimitation in Snubnose Darters (Percidae: Etheostoma). Systematic Biology 61(1):63-79.
Hocutt, C.H., R.E. Jenkins, and J.R. Stauffer, Jr. 1986. Zoogeography of the fishes of the central Appalachians and central Atlantic Coastal Plain. 161-212 in C.H. Hocutt and E.O. Wiley, eds. The zoogeography of North American freshwater fishes. John Wiley and Sons, New York, NY.
Jenkins, R.E., and N.M. Burkhead. 1994. Freshwater Fishes of Virginia. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, MD.
Menhinick, E. F. 1991. The freshwater fishes of North Carolina. North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission. 227 pp.
Near, T.J., E.D. France, B.P. Keck, and R.C. Harrington. 2016. Systematics and Taxonomy of the Snubnose Darter, Etheostoma simoterum (Cope). Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History 57(2):127-145.
Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr. 1991. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. The Peterson Guide Series, vol. 42. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, MA.
Powers, S.L., and R.L. Mayden. 2007. Systematics, evolution and biogeography of the Etheostoma simoterum species complex (Percidae: subgenus Ulocentra). Bulletin of the Alabama Museum of Natural History 25:1-23.
Stauffer, J.R., Jr., J.M. Boltz, and L.R. White. 1995. The fishes of West Virginia. West Virginia Department of Natural Resources.
Other Resources:
FishBase Summary
Author:
Pam Fuller, Matt Neilson, and Jonathan Freedman
Revision Date: 4/9/2020
Peer Review Date: 8/5/2011
Citation Information:
Pam Fuller, Matt Neilson, and Jonathan Freedman, 2024, Etheostoma simoterum (Cope, 1868): U.S. Geological Survey, Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database, Gainesville, FL, https://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/FactSheet.aspx?SpeciesID=817, Revision Date: 4/9/2020, Peer Review Date: 8/5/2011, Access Date: 11/13/2024
This information is preliminary or provisional and is subject to revision. It is being provided to meet the need for timely best science. The information has not received final approval by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and is provided on the condition that neither the USGS nor the U.S. Government shall be held liable for any damages resulting from the authorized or unauthorized use of the information.