| Impact ID | 2645 |
| Impact Type | Commerce |
| Study Type | Anecdotal |
| Study Location | N/A |
| Impact Description | The heavy biofouling by of Perna perna on navigation aids, such as buoys, creates cost of removal, maintenance, and replacement in it native range; this is likely to become a problem in the Gulf of America. |
| Reference | 9171 |
| Great Lakes Region | No |
| Cost | |
| Location | |
