| Impact ID | 4593 |
| Impact Type | Competition |
| Study Type | Experimental |
| Study Location | Laboratory |
| Impact Description | Phalaris arundinacea impedes the growth of the North American native wetland plant Blue Vervain (Verbena hastata) when herbivores are present. |
| Reference | 36930 |
| Great Lakes Region | No |
| Cost | |
| Location | |
