Reference List

This list includes references used to derive specimen records as well as those with scientific name Styela clava listed in key words.

Results also available in (click to export table to spreadsheet)

REFTypeCut-and-Paste Reference
1665 Report Balcom, Nancy (ed.). 1995. Proceedings of the northeast conference on non-indigenous aquatic nuisance species. Connecticut Sea Grant College Program, University of Connecticut, 1084 Shennecossett, Groton, CT 06340-6097.
13574 Journal Article Berman, J., L. Harris, W. Lambert, M. Buttrick, M. Dufresne. 1992. Recent invasions of the Gulf of Maine: three contrasting ecological histories. Conservation Biology 6(3):435-441.
13651 Report Boyd, M.J., T.J. Mulligan, F.J. Shaughnessy. 2002. Non-indigenous marine species of Humboldt Bay, California. A Report to the California Department of Fish and Game. http://www.humboldtbay.org/conservation/exoticspecies/non_indigenous_marine_boyd_etal_2002.pdf.
26266 Database California Department of Fish and Game. 2009. California Aquatic Non-native Organism Database (CANOD). California Department of Fish and Game, Office of Spill Prevention and Response. http://www.dfg.ca.gov/ospr/Science/about_canod.aspx. Created on 03/08/2011. Accessed on 07/20/2011.
9186 Thesis or Dissertation Carlton, J.T. 1979. History, Biogeography, and Ecology of the Introduced Marine and Estuarine Invertebrates of the Pacific Coast of North America. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation. University of California, Davis, CA.
1012 Journal Article Carlton, J.T. 1989. Man's role in changing the face of the ocean: biological invasions and implications for conservation of near-shore environments. Conservation Biology 3(3):265-273. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2386170.
45761 Journal Article Castro, K.L., N. Battini, C.B. Giachetti, B. Trovant, M. Abelando, N.G. Basso, and E. Schwindt. 2021. Early detection of marine invasive species following the deployment of an artificial reef: Integrating tools to assist the decision-making process. Journal of Environmental Management 297:113333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113333.
14460 Web Page CBC News. 2001. DFO slaps controls on shellfish industry. http://pei.cbc.ca/regional/servlet/View?filename=pest17oct01.
14461 Web Page CBC News. 2003. Mystery machine for tunicate. http://pei.cbc.ca/regional/servlet/View?filename=pe_tunicate20031121.
14791 Report Cohen, A., C. Mills, H. Berry, M. Wonham, B. Bingham, B. Bookheim, J. Carlton, J. Chapman, J. Cordell, L. Harris, T. Klinger, A. Kohn, C. Lambert, G. Lambert, K. Li, D. Secord, and J. Toft. 1998. A rapid assessment survey of non-indigenous species in the shallow waters of Puget Sound. Report of the Puget Sound Expedition. Washington State Department of Natural Resources, Olympia, WA. http://www.dnr.wa.gov/Publications/aqr_nrsh_cohen1998.pdf.
10319 Report Cohen, A.N., and J.T. Carlton. 1995. Nonindigenous Aquatic Species in a United States Estuary, A Case Study of the Biological Invasions of the San Francisco Bay and Delta. A report for the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, DC and The National Sea Grant College Program Connecticut Sea Grant. http://nsgl.gso.uri.edu/conn/connt95002/connt95002full.pdf.
46339 Journal Article Fowler, A.E., A.M.H. Blakeslee, A. Davinack, R. Aguilar, M. Anderson, C. Benadon, H.H.C. Choong, L. Green-Gavrielidis, S.R. Greenberg, E. Hartshorn, N. Hobbs, S. Labbe, K. Larson, M. McCuller, D.M. Moloney, S.K. Parsons, C. Stancil, C. Thornber, J. Pederson, and J.T. Carlton. 2025. Caribbean Creep meets Chesapeake Creep: marine bioinvasions and community shifts along the Mid-Atlantic Coast, USA. Biological Invasions 27:192. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-025-03646-w.
18790 Journal Article Karney, R.C., and W.Y. Rhee. 2009. Market Potential for Styela clava, a Non-indigenous Pest Invading New England Coastal Waters. Aquatic Invasions 4(1):295-297.
19569 Journal Article Lambert, C.C., and G. Lambert. 1998. Non-indigenous ascidians in southern California harbors and marinas. Marine Biology 130:675-688. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002270050289.
19570 Journal Article Lambert, C.C., and G. Lambert. 2003. Persistence and differential distribution of nonindigenous ascidians in harbors of the Southern California Bight. Marine Ecology Progress Series 259:145-161. http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/tmdl/records/region_9/2006/ref386.pdf.
14572 News Lambert, G., and C. Lambert. 1997. Abstracts from recent meetings. Ascidian News. 1997 (41):1 pp.
19300 Report LeClair, L., A. Pleus, and J. Schultz. 2009. 2007-2009 Biennial Report: Invasive Species Tunicate Response in the Puget Sound Region. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife; Fish Program; Aquatic Invasive Species Unit. http://wdfw.wa.gov/fish/ans/tunicates_bienniumreport2007-09.pdf.
19763 Other Cut-and-paste reference not available due to unhandled reference type. Please contact support to request the addition of the 'Other' type.
14569 Conference Proceedings Osman, R.W., and R.B. Whitlatch. 1995. Ecological factors controlling the successful invasion of three species of ascidians into marine subtidal habitats of New England. Pages 49-60 in Proceedings of the northeast conference on non-indigenous aquatic nuisance species. Connecticut Sea Grant Marine Advisory Program, Connecticut Institute of Water Resources.
39003 Journal Article Pederson, J., J.T. Carlton, C. Bastidas, A. David, S. Grady, L. Green-Gavrielidis, N. Hobbs, C. Kennedy, J. Knack, M. McCuller, B. O’Brien, K. Osborne, S. Pankey, and T. Trott. 2021. 2019 Rapid Assessment Survey of marine bioinvasions of southern New England and New York, USA, with an overview of new records and range expansions. International Journal of Field Research on Biological Invasions 10(2):227-237.
18741 Report Puget Sound Action Team. 2007. Washington State's Response to an Invasion of Non-native Tunicates. Office of the Govenor, State of Washington. http://www.psparchives.com/publications/our_work/protect_habitat/tunicates/TunicateReport07_lr.pdf.
45363 Journal Article Rodriguez, E.A., A.E. Arcangel, P. de la Barra, L.A. Hunicken, J.F. Saad, M.A. Navarte, and P.J. Pereya. Colonizing the open sea: population dynamics of an abundant marine invader on a natural shoreline. Biological Invasions 27:73. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10530-025-03535-2.
13201 Journal Article Ruiz, G.M., P.W. Fofonoff, J.T. Carlton, M.J. Wonham, and A.H. Hines. 2000. Invasion of coastal marine communities in North America: apparent patterns, processes, and biases. Annual Review of Ecological Systematics 31:481-531.
13206 Conference Proceedings Whitlatch, R.B., and R.W. Osman. 2000. Geographical distributions and organism-habitat associations of shallow-water introduced marine fauna in New England. Pages 61-65 in Pederson, J, ed. Proceedings of the First National Conference MIT SeaGrant Program Marine Bioinvasions. MIT Sea Grant Program. Cambridge, MA.
14575 Conference Proceedings Whitlatch, R.B., R.W. Osman, and A. Frese. 1995. The ecology of two introduced marine ascidians and their effects on epifaunal organisms in Long Island Sound. Pages 29-48 in Proceedings of the Northeast Conference on Non-indigenous Aquatic Nuisance Species. Connecticut Sea Grant Marine Advisory Program, and Connecticut Institute of Water Resources.


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Citation information: U.S. Geological Survey. [2025]. Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database. Gainesville, Florida. Accessed [12/6/2025].

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