Reference List

This list includes references used to derive specimen records as well as those with scientific name Urnatella gracilis listed in key words.

Results also available in (click to export table to spreadsheet)

REFTypeCut-and-Paste Reference
43345 Report Barr Engineering Co. 2021. Summary Macroinvertebrate Report 2006-2016, 2018, 2020. East Reserve Project Prepared for Cleveland-Cliffs Minorca Mine Inc. Barr Engineering Co, Minneapolis, MN.
26266 Database California Department of Fish and Game. 2009. California Aquatic Non-native Organism Database (CANOD). California Department of Fish and Game, Office of Spill Prevention and Response. http://www.dfg.ca.gov/ospr/Science/about_canod.aspx. Created on 03/08/2011. Accessed on 07/20/2011.
10319 Report Cohen, A.N., and J.T. Carlton. 1995. Nonindigenous Aquatic Species in a United States Estuary, A Case Study of the Biological Invasions of the San Francisco Bay and Delta. A report for the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, DC and The National Sea Grant College Program Connecticut Sea Grant. http://nsgl.gso.uri.edu/conn/connt95002/connt95002full.pdf.
43077 Book Davenport, C.B. 1904. Report on the Fresh-Water Bryozoa of the U. S. Volume 27. Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum.
17305 Report Draheim, R., M. Sytsma, R. Miller, and J. Cordell. 2007. Middle Columbia River Aquatic Nonindigenous Species Survey. Portland State University. http://www.clr.pdx.edu/docs/MCRANS_Final_Rprt.pdf.
34491 Journal Article Grigorovich, I.A., H.J. Macisaac, N.V. Shadrin, and E.L. Mills. 2002. Patterns and mechanisms of aquatic invertebrate introductions in the Ponto-Caspian region. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 59(7):1189-1208. https://www-nrcresearchpress-com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/doi/pdf/10.1139/f02-088.
43067 Journal Article Hamelin, K.M., Castaneda, R.A., and A. Ricciardi. 2016. Cryptic invaders: nonindigenous and cryptogenic freshwater Bryozoa and Entoprocta in the St. Lawrence River. Biological Invasions 18:1737-1744. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-016-1116-3.
43078 Journal Article Kofoid, C.A. 1908. The Plankton of the Illinois River, 1894-1899, with introductory notes upon the hydrography of the Illinois River and its basin. Part II. Constitutent organisms and their seasonal distribution. Bulletin of the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History 8:1-363.
43086 Journal Article Kofoid, J. 1898. The Fresh-Water Biological Stations of North America. American Naturalist 32(378):391-406.
43075 Journal Article McCullough, J.D. and B. Smith. 1975. Some Ecological Observations on Urnatella gracilis Leidy. The Southwestern Naturalist 20(2):171-176.
43066 Database National Estuarine and Marine Exotic Species Information System (NEMESIS. 2024. Urnatella gracilis - Entoprocts. SERC -- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center. https://invasions.si.edu/nemesis/species_summary/156754. Accessed on 03/21/2024.
43365 Book Nielsen, C. 1989. Entoprocts: Keys and Notes for the Identification of the Species. Volume 41. E.J. Brill, Ltd, New York, NY.
43076 Journal Article Paavola, M., S. Olenin, and E. Leppakoski. 2005. Are invasive species most successful in habitats of low native species richness across European brackish water seas? Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 64:738-750.
43366 Journal Article Richardson, R.E. 1921. The Small Bottom and Shore Fauna of the Middle and Lower Illinois River and its Connecting Lakes, Chillicothe to Grafton: its Valuation; its Sources of Food Supply; and its Relation to the Fishery. Bulletin of the Illinois Natural History Survey 13(15):184.
43070 Journal Article Rogick, M.D. 1935. Studies in Freshwater Bryozoa: II The Bryozoa of Lake Erie. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 54(3):245-263.
43072 Journal Article Rogick, M.D. and H. Van der Schalie. 1950. Studies on Fresh-Water Bryozoa. XVII Michigan Bryozoa. Ohio J. Sci 50:136-146.
43064 Report Rosenfeld, Carla and Anett Trebitz. 2024. New St. Louis River estuary benthic invertebrate species, Urnatella gracilis. National Environmental Research Center Office of Research and Development, US EPA, Duluth, MN.
13201 Journal Article Ruiz, G.M., P.W. Fofonoff, J.T. Carlton, M.J. Wonham, and A.H. Hines. 2000. Invasion of coastal marine communities in North America: apparent patterns, processes, and biases. Annual Review of Ecological Systematics 31:481-531.
43069 Journal Article Twitchell, G.B. 1934. Urnatella gracilis Leidy, a living Trepostomatous Bryozoan. The American Midland Naturalist 15(6):629-661. https://doi.org/10.2307/2419890.
43068 Journal Article Weise, J.G. 1961. The Ecology of Urnatella gracilis LEIDY: Phylum Endoprocta. Limnology and Oceanography 6:228-230. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1961.6.2.0228.
19626 Book Chapter Wood, T.S. 2010. Bryozoans. Pages 437-454 in Thorp, J.H., and A.P. Covich, eds. Ecology and classification of North American freshwater invertebrates. Academic Press, London, United Kingdom. London, UK.
9316 Journal Article Wurtz, C.B., and S.S. Roback. 1955. The invertebrate fauna of some Gulf Coast rivers. Proceedings of the Natural Sciences Academy of Philadelphia 107:167-206.


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Citation information: U.S. Geological Survey. [2025]. Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database. Gainesville, Florida. Accessed [1/24/2025].

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