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Cut-and-Paste Reference:
Schmidt, S.N., M.J. Vander Zaden, and J.F. Kitchell. 2009. Long-term food web change in Lake Superior. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 66(12):2118-2129.
Reference Details:
Reference Number: 24335
Type: Journal Article
Author: Schmidt, S.N., M.J. Vander Zaden, and J.F. Kitchell
Date (year): 2009
Article Title:Long-term food web change in Lake Superior.
Journal Name: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
Volume: 66
Issue: 12
Pages: 2118-2129
URL:
Keywords: rainbow smelt; Osmerus mordax; cisco; Great Lakes; food web; Lake Superior
Species Profiles and Specimens that use this Reference:

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Citation information: U.S. Geological Survey. [2025]. Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database. Gainesville, Florida. Accessed [12/13/2025].

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