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Cut-and-Paste Reference:
Nicholson, M.E., M.D. Rennie, and K.H. Mills. 2015. Apparent extirpation of prey fish communities following the introduction of Northern Pike (Esox lucius). Canadian Field-Naturalist 129(2):165-173. http://www.canadianfieldnaturalist.ca/index.php/cfn/article/view/1697.
Reference Details:
Reference Number: 32731
Type: Journal Article
Author: Nicholson, M.E., M.D. Rennie, and K.H. Mills
Date (year): 2015
Article Title:Apparent extirpation of prey fish communities following the introduction of Northern Pike (Esox lucius)
Journal Name: Canadian Field-Naturalist
Volume: 129
Issue: 2
Pages: 165-173
URL: http://www.canadianfieldnaturalist.ca/index.php/cfn/article/view/1697
Keywords: Invasive species, Esocidae, Northern Pike, Esox lucius, biomanipulation, food web manipulation, top predator invasions, top-down effects, Experimental Lakes Area, trophic cascade, fishery management
DOI: 10.22621/cfn.v129i2.1697
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Citation information: U.S. Geological Survey. [2025]. Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database. Gainesville, Florida. Accessed [12/16/2025].

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