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Cut-and-Paste Reference:
Dodd, L.L., N.E. Harms, and A.N. Schad. 2021. Reciprocal competitive effects of congeneric invaders, Trapa natans L. and Trapa bispinosa Roxb. var. iinumai Nakano, in established freshwater plant cultures. Aquatic Botany 174:103419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2021.103419.
Reference Details:
Reference Number: 39789
Type: Journal Article
Author: Dodd, L.L., N.E. Harms, and A.N. Schad
Date (year): 2021
Article Title:Reciprocal competitive effects of congeneric invaders, Trapa natans L. and Trapa bispinosa Roxb. var. iinumai Nakano, in established freshwater plant cultures
Journal Name: Aquatic Botany
Volume: 174
Issue:
Pages: 103419
URL:
Keywords: impacts, Trapa natans, Trapa bispinosa
DOI: 10.1016/j.aquabot.2021.103419
Species Profiles and Specimens that use this Reference:

Hydrilla verticillata peregrina

    VA - Potomac River in Fairfax county, VA

Trapa bispinosa iinumai

    VA - Potomac River in Lorton, VA near Pohick Bay Regional Park [site code PB-VA]

Trapa natans

    NY - a storm water retention pond in Tivoli, NY

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Citation information: U.S. Geological Survey. [2025]. Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database. Gainesville, Florida. Accessed [12/5/2025].

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