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Cut-and-Paste Reference:
Crowder, L.B. 1980. Alewife, rainbow smelt and native fishes in Lake Michigan: competition or predation? Environmental Biology of Fishes 5(3):225-233.
Reference Details:
Reference Number: 745
Type: Journal Article
Author: Crowder, L.B.
Date (year): 1980
Article Title:Alewife, rainbow smelt and native fishes in Lake Michigan: competition or predation?
Journal Name: Environmental Biology of Fishes
Volume: 5
Issue: 3
Pages: 225-233
URL:
Keywords: alewife, rainbow smelt, Lake Michigan, impacts, Osmerus mordax, Alosa pseudoharengus
Species Profiles and Specimens that use this Reference:

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Citation information: U.S. Geological Survey. [2024]. Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database. Gainesville, Florida. Accessed [4/20/2024].

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