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The Nonindigenous Occurrences section of the NAS species profiles has a new structure. The section is now dynamically updated from the NAS database to ensure that it contains the most current and accurate information. Occurrences are summarized in Table 1, alphabetically by state, with years of earliest and most recent observations, and the tally and names of drainages where the species was observed. The table contains hyperlinks to collections tables of specimens based on the states, years, and drainages selected. References to specimens that were not obtained through sighting reports and personal communications are found through the hyperlink in the Table 1 caption or through the individual specimens linked in the collections tables.

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Common name: orangestriped green anemone

Synonyms and Other Names: Diadumene lineata (invalid), Halipanella luciae, Sagartia luciae

Taxonomy: available through www.itis.gov

Identification: The Lined Anemone has 50-60 tentacles, displays orange or white stripes against a greenish body (MIT Sea Grant).

Size: 1.5 inches (<4 cm) (MIT Sea Grant).

Native Range: Western Pacific (Japan, China, and Hong Kong) (Hawaii Biological Survey 2002)

Alaska	Hawaii	Puerto Rico & Virgin Islands	Guam Saipan

Hydrologic Unit Codes (HUCs) Explained
Interactive maps: Point Distribution Maps

Means of Introduction: Unintentional, as fouling on ships' hulls or with commercial oysters (Hawaii Biological Survey 2002)

Impact of Introduction: The impacts of this species are currently unknown, as no studies have been done to determine how it has affected ecosystems in the invaded range. The absence of data does not equate to lack of effects. It does, however, mean that research is required to evaluate effects before conclusions can be made.

Remarks:  It is also known from New Zealand and Dobo in Indonesia (D. Fautin, pers. comm., 1999). (Hawaii Biological Survey 2002)

D. lineata apparently shows extreme tolerance towards abiotic factors, e.g. salinity, temperature, (Gollasch & Riemann-Zürneck 1996), which undoubtedly has contributed to its success as an invading species. It is difficult to imagine that Edmondson would have missed this species in his explorations around Oahu, and thus it may be a relatively recent (1960s and later) introduction, most likely in ship fouling. (Hawaii Biological Survey 2002)
 

References: (click for full references)

Carlton, J.T. History, biogeography, and ecology of the introduced marine and estuarine invertebrates of the Pacific coast of North America. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of California, Davis. 904 pp.

Carlton, J.T.  1989.  Man's role in changing the face of the ocean: biological invasions and implications for conservation of near-shore environments. Conservation Biology 3(3):265-273.

Cohen, A.N. and J.T. Carlton.  1995.  Nonindigenous Aquatic Species in a United States Estuary, A Case Study of the Biological Invasions of the San Francisco Bay and Delta.  Report for USFWS, WA DC, and Connecticut Sea Grant.  246 pp.

Davis, D.W.  1919.  Asexual multiplication and regeneration in Sagartia luciae Verrill.  J. Exp. Biol. 28(161-263)

Gollasch, S., & Riemann-Zürneck, K. 1996. Transoceanic dispersal of benthic macrofauna: Haliplanella lineata (Verrill, 1898) (Anthozoa, Actinaria) found on a ship's hull in a ship yard dock in Hamburg Harbour, Germany. Helgoländer Meeresuntersuchungen, 50: 253-258.

Hawaii Biological Survey.  2002.  Guidebook of introduced marine species in Hawaii - Diadumene lineata.

Meinkoth, N.S. 1981.  The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Seashore Creatures.  Alfred A. Knopf., New York.  813 pp.

MIT Sea Grant.  2003.  Introduced species descriptions.  http://massbay.mit.edu/exoticspecies/exoticmaps/descriptions_intro.html.

Ruiz, G.M. and A.H. Hines.  1997.  The risk of nonindigenous species invasion in Prince William Sound associated with oil tanker traffic and ballast water management: pilot study.  Prepared for the REgional Citizens' Advisory Council of Prince William Sound.

Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife.  1998.  Non-indigenous marine species of Washington State and adjacent waters.  Washington DFW

Other Resources:
MIT Sea Grant

Hawaii Biological Survey.  2002.  Guidebook of introduced marine species in Hawaii - Diadumene lineata.

Author: Fuller, P.

This information is preliminary or provisional and is subject to revision. It is being provided to meet the need for timely best science. The information has not received final approval by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and is provided on the condition that neither the USGS nor the U.S. Government shall be held liable for any damages resulting from the authorized or unauthorized use of the information.