Reference List

This list includes references used to derive specimen records as well as those with scientific name Channa argus listed in key words.

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REFTypeCut-and-Paste Reference
30241 Report 2017. Michigan Fishing Guide. Michigan Department of Natural Resources. http://www.michigan.gov/documents/dnr/2016-2017MIFishingGuide_515573_7.pdf.
31625 Conference Proceedings 2018. Abstracts of the 1st International Snakehead Symposium in Odenkirk, J.S, ed. held July 18-19, 2018 in Alexandria, VA.
42993 Report 2021. Gulf & south Atlantic regional panel on aquatic invasive species minutes.
20883 Database Academy of Natural Sciences Philadelphia. 2011. Academy of Natural Sciences Philadelphia - Ichthyology Collection. Academy of Natural Sciences Philadelphia. http://clade.ansp.org/ichthyology/collections/fish.php.
43625 Report Aladin, N., I. Plotnikov, T. Ballatore and P. Micklin. 2008. Biodiversity loss in a saline lake ecosystem: Effects of introduced species and salinization in the Aral Sea. Japanese International Cooperation Agency: Study Reports: Country and Regional Study Reports: Central Asia and Caucasus.
36242 Conference Proceedings Aladin, N., P. Micklin, and I. Plotnikov. 2008. Biodiversity Of The Aral Sea And Its Importance To The Possible Ways Of Rehabilitating And Conserving Its Remnant Water Bodies in J. Qi and K.T. Evered, eds. Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Environmental Problems of Central Asia and their Economic, Social and Security Impacts. NATO Public Diplomacy Division. Tashkent, Uzbekistan.
32166 Report Angelone, P., K. Baerwaldt, A.J. Benson, and 23 others. 2015. National Control and Management Plan for Members of the Snakehead Family (Channidae), 2014. Aquatic Nuisance Species Task Force, Washington, DC. https://westernregionalpanel.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Snakehead_MgntPlan_2014.pdf.
39847 Report Anonymous. 2004. Invasive Species Program - snakeheads, aquatic invaders. U.S Geological Survey.
13782 News Anonymous. 2004. Snakehead found in Fairfax Creek. Washington Post. June 4, 2004.
14000 News Anonymous. 2004. Another female snakehead caught. The Washington Post. July 10:B03. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A40076-2004Jul9.html17/13/2004.
42010 News Anonymous. 2023. Record-breaking invasive snakehead fish caught in Maryland. WSAZ NewsChannel 3. Huntington, West Virginia. https://www.wsaz.com/2023/07/07/record-breaking-invasive-snakehead-fish-caught-maryland/. Created on 07/07/2023. Accessed on 07/11/2023.
29620 Database Arkansas Game and Fish Commission. 2017. Northern snakehead (Channa argus) collections in Arkansas in 2016. Arkansas Game and Fish Commission. Created on 03/17/2017.
13783 News Associated Press. 2004. Another snakehead caught in Potomac. Virginia News. June 7, 2004.
14049 News Associated Press. 2004. Relief in Chicago: No more 'Frankenfish'. ABC News. October 19. http://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory?id=180105.
13773 News Associated Press. 2004. Another Snakehead Found In Potomac River. Newsday.com. May 17.
13326 News Baltimore Sun. 2002. Asian alien strikes. Baltimore Sun. Baltimore, MD. 7 (8).
29521 Database Barnett, J. 2016. Arkansas ANS Database (unpublished data). Arkansas Game and Fish Commission, Benton, AR. Accessed on 10/10/2016.
32005 Database Barnett, J. 2018. Arkansas ANS Data for 2017. Arkansas Game and Fish Commission. Created on 09/05/2018. Accessed on 09/05/2018.
43620 Journal Article Barnett, J. 2019. A History and Distribution of Northern Snakehead in Arkansas. American Fisheries Society Symposium 89:35-42.
33708 Conference Proceedings Benson, A.J. 2019. Snakehead fishes (Channa spp.) in the USA. Pages 3-21 in Odenkirk, J.S. and D.C. Chapman, eds. Proceedings of the First International Snakehead Symposium, American Fisheries Society Symposium 89. American Fisheries Society,. Bethesda, Maryland.
13891 News Bergman, J. 2004. Angler snags largest snakehead this year in a Potomac tributary. DailyPress.com. June 18, 2004. http://www.dailypress.com/news/local/virginia/.
13784 News Bradley, P. 2004. Experts on the hunt for 'Frankenfish'. Richmond Times-Dispatch. June 7, 2004.
14957 News Brasher, B. 2006. Snakes alive! Even dead, it's worry. http://www.commercialappeal.com/mca/outdoors/article/0,1426,MCA_470_4381698,00.html.
14962 News Brasher, B. 2006. A case of mistaken identity for vicious fish; Shelby Forest snakehead not THAT snakehead. Commercialappeal.com. January 19. http://www.commercialappeal.com/mca/outdoors/article/0,1426,MCA_470_4398618,00.html.
43626 Journal Article Bressman, N.R. et. al. 2019. Emersion and Terrestrial Locomotion of the Northern Snakehead (Channa argus) on Multiple Substrates. Integrative Organismal Biology 1(1):1-20.
43628 Conference Proceedings Bunch A.J., J.S. Odenkirk, M.W. Isel and R.C. Boyce. 2019. Spatiotemporal Patterns and Dispersal Mechanisms of Northern Snakehead in Virginia. Pages 23-33 in 1st International Snakehead Symposium. Alexandria, VA.
43627 Book Bykhovskaya-Pavlovskaya et al. 1964. Key to parasites of freshwater fish of the USSR. Opredelitel’ parazitov presnovodnykh ryb SSR.
43629 Journal Article Campbell, S. E., J. A. G. Hubbard, and N. E. Mandrak. 2022. Changing community dynamics and climate alter invasion risk of freshwater fishes historically found in invasion pathways of the Laurentian Great Lakes. Diversity and Distributions 28(8):1620-1634.
33188 News Capt. C. Dollar. 2019. Wild Chesapeake: Va. Man Sets New Snakehead World Record. Chesapeake Bay Magazine. https://www.chesapeakebaymagazine.com/baybulletin/2019/5/21/wild-chesapeake-world-record-snakehead-caught-in-va. Created on 06/04/2019. Accessed on 06/04/2019.
27289 News Carletti and Gillis. 2010. Welland Canal safe from “Frankenfish.”. Toronto Star. Toronto, Ontario. http://www.thestar.com/news/gta/article/845494--welland-canal-safe-from-frankenfish. Accessed on 09/20/2010.
43630 Journal Article Chen, W.-Q., et al. 2009. Study on pepsinogens and pepsins from snakehead (Channa argus). Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 57(22):10972-10978.
43631 Journal Article Chen, X., et al. 2023. Liver transcriptome analysis and identification of differentially expressed immune gene response to Aeromonas veronii infection in Channa argus. Aquaculture International 31(3):1195-1211.
41913 Report Chesapeake Bay Northern Snakehead Plan Working Group. 2023. Northern Snakehead Control and Management Plan for the Chesapeake Bay Watershed. Mid-Atlantic Panel on Aquatic Invasive Species. https://www.midatlanticpanel.org/mapais_resources/.
33616 Conference Proceedings Chiba, K., Y. Taki, K. Sakai and Y. Oozeki. 1989. Present status of aquatic organisms introduced into Japan. Pages 63-70 in S.S. De Silva, ed. Exotic aquatic organisms in Asia. Proceedings of the Workshop on Introduction of Exotic Aquatic Organisms in Asia. Asian Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. 3. Asian Fisheries Society. Manila, Philippines.
37705 Journal Article Chuang, M.F., M. Choe, H. Kang, A. Borzée, A. Kim, S. Kwon, M. Sung, and Y. Jang. 2019. Microhabitat preference in American bullfrog tadpoles (Lithobates catesbeianus) in relation to predation pressure. Aquatic Invasions 14(3):444-457. https://www.reabic.net/aquaticinvasions/2019/AI_2019_Chuang_etal.pdf.
29007 Journal Article Cohen, M.K., and J.A. MacDonald. 2016. Northern Snakeheads in New York City. Northeastern Naturalist 23(1):11-24. http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1656/045.023.0102.
24436 Report Cohen, M.K., J.A. MacDonald, and A.M. Brinton. 2011. Northern snakeheads in two New York City lakes over four years. New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. http://www.dec.ny.gov/docs/fish_marine_pdf/meadwillrep.pdf.
43632 Report Courtenay Jr, W. R. and J. D. Williams. 2004. Snakeheads (Pisces, Channidae): a biological synopsis and risk assessment, US Geological Survey. US Geological Survey.
13490 Report Courtenay, W.R., Jr., and J.D. Williams. 2004. Snakeheads (Pisces: Channidae): A biological synopsis and risk assessment. Circular 1251. United States Geological Survey, Reston, VA.
18521 Report Cudmore, B., and N.E. Mandrak. 2005. Risk assessment for Northern Snakehead (Channa argus) in Canada. (DRAFT). Fisheries and Oceans Canada.
43633 Journal Article Cui, Z. W., et al. 2021. Molecular characterization and functional analysis of IL-18 in snakehead (Channa argus) during Aeromonas schubertii and Nocardia seriolae infections. Molecular Immunology 137:212-220. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0161589021002200?via%3Dihub.
42016 Journal Article Densmore, C.L., L.R. Iwanowicz, A.P. Henderson, D.D. Iwanowicz, and J.S. Odenkirk. 2016. Mycobacterial infection in Northern snakehead (Channa argus) from the Potomac River catchment. Journal of Fish Diseases 39(6):771-775. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.12412.
13327 News Dewar, H. 2002. Angler finds Crofton pond holds more snakeheads. Baltimore Sun. Baltimore, MD. 7 (10).
43636 Journal Article Ding, X. Q., et al. 2020. Effects of different carbohydrate levels in puffed feed on digestive tract morphological function and liver tissue structure of snakeheads (Channa argus). Aquaculture Research 51(2):557-568. https://doi.org/10.1111/are.14402.
13776 News Dixon, J. 2004. Press Release: Another snakehead fish caught in Potomac River. VA Dept of Game and Inland Fisheries.
13892 News Fahrenthold, D.A., and J. Partlow. 2004. Snakehead may be at home in Potomac River. Washington Post. June 30, 2004. http://washingtonpost.com.
18857 Database Florida Museum of Natural History. 2009. Ichthyology Collection database. University of Florida, Gainesville, FL. http://specifyportal.flmnh.ufl.edu/fishes/.
25899 Database Florida Museum of Natural History. 2013. Florida Museum of Natural History ichthyology collection. Accessed through GBIF data portal, http://www.gbif.org/dataset/eccf4b09-f0c8-462d-a48c-41a7ce36815a. Florida Museum of Natural History, Gainesville, FL. http://www.gbif.org/dataset/eccf4b09-f0c8-462d-a48c-41a7ce36815a. Accessed on 04/09/2013.
43642 Journal Article Fu, C., et al. 2021. Qingbo, a common cyprinid fish, responds diversely in behavior and locomotion to predators with different hunting modes. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry 47(5):1415-1427.
24021 Journal Article Gascho Landis, A.M., and N.W.R. Lapointe. 2010. First record of a northern snakehead (Channa argus Cantor) nest in North America. Northeastern Naturalist 17(2):325-332. http://www.bioone.org/doi/pdf/10.1656/045.017.0214.
24019 Journal Article Gascho Landis, A.M., N.W.R. Lapointe, and P.L. Angermeier. 2011. Individual growth and reproductive behavior in a newly established population of northern snakehead (Channa argus), Potomac River, USA. Hydrobiologia 661:123-131.
26212 Database GBIF. 2013. Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) Database. Global Biodiversity Information Facility. http://www.gbif.org/. Accessed on 03/05/2024.
33763 Web Page Georgia Department of Natural Resources. 2019. Invasive Snakehead Fish Caught in Gwinnett County. https://georgiawildlife.com/invasive-snakehead-fish-caught-gwinnett-county. Created on 10/09/2019. Accessed on 10/09/2019.
36815 News Georgiou, A. 2021. Massachusetts man catches strange invasive fish that moves on land, breathes air. Newsweek. https://www.newsweek.com/massachusetts-man-strange-invasive-big-fish-land-breathe-air-snake-1624951. Created on 09/01/2021. Accessed on 09/02/2021.
20574 Journal Article Glass, M.L., A. Ishimatsu, and K. Johansen. 1985. Responses of aerial ventilation to hypoxia and hypercapnia in Channa argus, an air-breathing fish. Journal of Comparative Physiology B 156(3):425-430.
29117 Journal Article Grippo, M.A., I. Hlohowskyj, L. Fox, B. Herman, J. Pothoff, C. Yoe, and J. Hayse. 2017. Aquatic Nuisance Species in the Great Lakes and Mississippi River Basin—A Risk Assessment in Support of GLMRIS. Environmental Management 59:154-173. http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00267-016-0770-7.
43257 News Hartwig, J. 2024. MDC confirms fourth invasive northern snakehead captured in Missouri. Missouri Department of Conservation. Columbia, MO. https://mdc.mo.gov/newsroom/mdc-confirms-fourth-invasive-northern-snakehead-captured-missouri. Created on 05/31/2024. Accessed on 06/04/2024.
25960 Database Harvard University. 2013. Museum of Comparative Zoology specimen collection. Accessed through GBIF data portal, http://data.gbif.org/datasets/resource/14100. Harvard University, Cambridge, MA. http://data.gbif.org/datasets/resource/14100. Created on 04/11/2012. Accessed on 04/10/2013.
43643 Journal Article Haubrock, P.J., et al. 2022. Knowledge gaps in economic costs of invasive alien fish worldwide. Science of the Total Environment 803(149875):1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv 2021.149875.
14048 News Hawthorne, M. 2004. Predator fish's origin a mystery. Chicago Tribune. October 31. http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/chicago/chi-0410310257oct31,1,231028.story?coll=chi-newslocalchicago-hed.
29512 Web Page Heggenstaller, A. 2017. Shots in the Dark. https://www.americanhunter.org/articles/2017/2/16/shots-in-the-dark/. Created on 02/16/2017. Accessed on 02/23/2017.
43282 News Heller, M. and M. Steward. 2024. Fisherman catches possible 5th invasive ‘air-breathing’ fish in Missouri. KFVS. Cape Girardeau, MO. https://www.kfvs12.com/2024/06/06/fisherman-catches-possible-5th-invasive-air-breathing-fish-missouri/. Created on 06/06/2024. Accessed on 06/10/2024.
16091 News Henderson, B. 2007. If you catch this Asian fish, keep it and call the law. The Charlotte Observer. 2007 (May 31). http://www.charlotte.com/112/story/141796.html (accessed May 31, 2007).
17385 Journal Article Herborg, L.M., N.E. Mandrak, B.C. Cudmore, and H.J. MacIsaac. 2007. Comparative distribution and invasion risk of snakehead (Channidae) and Asian carp (Cyprinidae) species in North America. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 64:1723-1735. http://web2.uwindsor.ca/courses/biology/macisaac/pages/mattcjfas.pdf.
43644 Conference Proceedings Hoff, M.H. and J. S. Odenkirk. 2018. Management Implications from a Stock-Recruit Model for Northern Snakehead in Virginia Waters of the Tidal Potomac River in
. 1st International Snakehead Symposium. Alexandria, VA.
18938 Report Holt, L., and J. Farwick. 2009. Northern snakehead Channa argus eradication in Piney and Little Piney creeks, Arkansas. Arkansas Game and Fish Commission.
29522 Database Horodysky, K. 2017. Northern Snakehead Data in Virginia. Commonwealth of Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries, Henrico, VA. Created on 03/02/2017.
43645 Journal Article Hou, Y. B., et al. 2019. Effects of chromium yeast, tributyrin and bile acid on growth performance, digestion and metabolism of Channa argus. Aquaculture Research 50(3):836-846. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/are.13954.
25944 Database iNaturalist. 2024. http://www.inaturalist.org/. Accessed on 08/13/2024.
43646 Conference Proceedings Isel, M. W. and J. S. Odenkirk. 2018. Evaluation of Northern Snakehead Diets in Virginia's Tidal Rivers and Lakes. Pages 83-93 in 1st International Snakehead Symposium. Alexandria, VA.
24020 Journal Article Jiao, Y., N.W.R. Lapointe, P.L. Angermeier, and B.R. Murphy. 2009. Hierarchical demographic approaches for assessing invasion dynamics of non-indigenous species: an example using northern snakehead (Channa argus). Ecological Modelling 220(13-14):1681-1689. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304380009002592.
43647 Conference Proceedings Kim, H.H., J. A. Emmel and Q. E. Phelps. 2018. Proposed Standard-Weight (W-s) Equation and Size Structure Indices for Northern Snakehead. Pages 45-51 in 1st International Snakehead Symposium. Alexandria, VA.
26892 Journal Article King, T.L., and R.L. Johnson. 2011. Novel tetra-nucleotide microsatellite DNA markers for assessing the evolutionary genetics and demographics of Northern Snakehead (Channa argus) invading North America. Conservation Genetics Resources 3(1):1-4.
43648 Journal Article Kong, Y. D., et al. 2020. Effects of single or conjoint administration of lactic acid bacteria as potential probiotics on growth, immune response and disease resistance of snakehead fish (Channa argus). Fish & Shellfish Immunology 102:412-421. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1050464820303259?via%3Dihub.
30341 Journal Article Kramer, A.M., G. Annis, M.E. Wittmann, W.L. Chadderton, E.S. Rutherford, D.M. Lodge, L. Mason, D. Beletsky, C. Riseng, and J.M. Drake. 2017. Suitability of Laurentian Great Lakes for invasive species based on global species distribution models and local habitat. Ecosphere 8(7):e01883. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1883.
26878 Database Lapointe, N. 2014. Northern Snakehead Master Dataset from tracking study.
19400 Thesis or Dissertation Lapointe, N.W.R. 2010. Fish invasions in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation. Ph D Dissertation, Virginia Polytechnic University.
26883 Journal Article Lapointe, N.W.R., J.S. Odenkirk, and P.L. Angermeier. 2013. Seasonal movement, dispersal, and home range of Northern Snakehead Channa argus (Actinopterygii, Perciformes) in the Potomac River. Hydrobiologia 709(1):73-87.
19591 Journal Article Lapointe, N.W.R., J.T. Thorson, and P.L. Angermeier. 2010. Seasonal meso- and microhabitat selection by the northern snakehead (Channa argus) in the Potomac River system. Ecology of Freshwater Fish 19:566-577.
43649 Conference Proceedings Lapointe, N.W.R., R.K. Saylor, and P.L. Angermeier. 2018. Diel Feeding and Movement Activity of Northern Snakehead. Pages 69-81 in
. 1st International Snakehead Symposium. Alexandria, VA.
24432 Journal Article Lapointe, N.W.R., R.M. Pendleton, and P.L. Angermeier. 2012. A comparison of approaches for estimating relative impacts of nonnative fishes. Environmental Management 49(1):82-95. http://www.springerlink.com/content/w0270l320272767w/fulltext.pdf.
40641 Journal Article Lauber, T.B., R.C. Stedman, N.A. Connelly, R.C. Ready, L.G. Rudstam, and G.L. Poe. 2020. The effects of aquatic invasive species on recreational fishing participation and value in the Great Lakes: possible future scenarios. Journal of Great Lakes Research 46(3):656-665. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2020.04.003.
39577 Journal Article Lazur, A., S. Early, and J.M. Jacobs. 2006. Acute toxicty of 5% rotenone to northern snakeheads. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 26:628-630.
37999 News Leigh, H. 2022. Dam fish lifts closed to prevent snakeheads from swimming up Susquehanna River. Fox43. https://www.fox43.com/article/life/animals/dam-fish-lifts-closed-prevent-snakeheads-susquehanna-river/521-5074a9cf-8685-4849-8f9d-8b4aa5c07a42. Created on 05/16/2022. Accessed on 05/07/2022.
26408 Database Loftus, A. 2011. Multi State Aquatic Resources Information System (MARIS) Master Database records via Biodiversity Information Serving Our Nation (BISON).
31667 Database Love, J. 2018. Northern Snakehead (Channa argus) in the Chesapeake Bay region tributaries. Maryland DNR, Annapolis, MD. Created on 08/02/2018.
44974 Journal Article Love, J.W. 2024. Notes on the fecundity and egg diameter of Northern snakehead (Channa argus) from Upper Chesapeake Bay, Maryland. Northeastern Naturalist 31(3):300-312. https://bioone.org/journals/northeastern-naturalist/volume-31/issue-3/045.031.0304/Notes-on-the-Fecundity-and-Egg-Diameter-of-Northern-Snakehead/10.1656/045.031.0304.short.
43651 Journal Article Love, J.W. and J.J. Newhard. 2021. Using Published Information to Predict Consumption by Northern Snakehead in Maryland. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 150(4):425-434. https://afspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/tafs.10306.
43650 Conference Proceedings Love, J.W. and P. Genovese. 2018. Fishing for an Invasive: Maryland's Toolbox for Managing Northern Snakehead Fisheries. Pages 139-152 in
. 1st International Snakehead Symposium. Alexandria, VA.
32206 Journal Article Love, J.W., and J.J. Newhard. 2012. Will the expansion of northern snakehead negatively affect the fishery for largemouth bass in the Potomac River (Chesapeake Bay)? North American Journal of Fisheries Management 32:859-868. https://doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2012.703160.
31187 Journal Article Love, J.W., and J.J. Newhard. 2018. Expansion of Northern Snakehead in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 147(2):342-349. https://doi.org/10.1002/tafs.10033.
34316 Report Love, J.W., and J.J. Newhard. 2020. Diets and prey preference of nothern snakehead. Maryland Department of Natural Resources and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. https://dnr.maryland.gov/fisheries/Documents/PreyPreference_N_Snakehead.pdf.
29304 Journal Article Love, J.W., J.J. Newhard, and B. Greenfield. 2015. A GIS approach for suitable habitat and population size of northern snakehead, an invasive fish. Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 6(1):145-157.
26873 Database Lyon, Luke. 2014. Northern Snakehead (Channa argus) data (2007-2013) from the Potomac and Anacostia rivers in the District of Columbia (unpublished). District Department of the Environment, Washington, DC. Created on 06/05/2014.
13325 News MacGillis, A. 2002. Amateur anglers aim to hook a snakehead. The Baltimore Sun. Baltimore, MD. 7 (7).
43652 Report Magliozzi, C. 2022. Baseline distribution of invasive alien species added to the Union list by Comm. Impl. Reg. Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg, EU. https://doi.org/10.2760/166450, JRC133398.
24160 Database Martel, G. 2005. Channa argus Records from the Potomac River Drainage. Commonwealth of Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries.
43325 News Maryland Department of Natural Resources. 2024. Thousands of invasive fish removed from Maryland waters at Conowingo Dam. Maryland Department of Natural Resources. Annapolis, MD. https://news.maryland.gov/dnr/2024/07/22/thousands-of-invasive-fish-removed-from-maryland-waters-at-conowingo-dam/. Created on 07/22/2024. Accessed on 07/26/2024.
24103 Web Page Maryland Department of Natural Resources. 2008. Freshwater Fishing Reports. http://www.dnr.state.md.us/fisheries/fishingreport/freshwater.asp. Accessed 7/30/2008.
26389 Database Maryland Department of Natural Resources. 2010. Maryland Department of Natural Resources Inland Fisheries Database via MARIS. Maryland Department of Natural Resources.
31467 Web Page Maryland Department of Natural Resources. 2018. Mechanicsville man catches record snakehead in Charles County. http://news.maryland.gov/dnr/2018/05/30/mechanicsville-man-catches-record-snakehead-in-charles-county/. Created on 06/01/2018. Accessed on 06/01/2018.
33189 Web Page Maryland Department of Natural Resources. 2019. Maryland State [Fish] Records. http://dnr.maryland.gov/Fisheries/Pages/state-records.aspx. Created on 06/04/2019. Accessed on 06/04/2019.
33353 Web Page Maryland Department of Natural Resources. 2019. Northern Snakeheads Caught in Conowingo Dam Fish Lift. https://news.maryland.gov/dnr/2019/06/13/northern-snakeheads-caught-in-conowingo-dam-fish-lift/. Created on 06/27/2019. Accessed on 06/27/2019.
13328 News Mayell, H. 2002. Mayland wages war on invasive walking fish. National Geographic. 7 (2).
38169 News McMillion, D. 2022. Certain to 'stir stuff up': Snakeheads arrive. The Herald-Mail. Hagerstown, MD. https://www.heraldmailmedia.com/story/news/local/2022/06/27/invasive-snakehead-fish-appear-in-upper-potomac-river/65363430007/. Created on 06/27/2022. Accessed on 07/20/2022.
36816 News Meehan, D. 2021. Fangs, beady eyes and slime: Massachusetts angler hauls in rare invasive fish in Canton. WCVB. Boston, MA. https://www.wcvb.com/article/fangs-beady-eyes-and-slime-massachusetts-angler-hauls-in-rare-invasive-fish-in-canton/37454618. Created on 09/01/2021. Accessed on 09/02/2021.
18594 Report Mendoza, R., S. Contreras, P. Koleff, C. Ramirez, C. Escalera, P. Alvarez, B. Cudmore, N. Mandrak, J.P. Fisher, R. Orr, W. Courtenay, G. Greene, and D. Lee. 2009. Proposed trinational risk assessment guidelines for invasive alien species: test cases for the snakeheads (Channidae) and armored catfishes (Loricariidae) in North American waters. Commission for Environmental Cooperation.
16096 News Mimoni, V.G. 2007. 'Frankenfish' caught in park lake. Queen Courier Online-News. 2007 (May 23). http://www.queenscourier.com/articles/2007/05/31/news/news03.txt (accessed 6/1/07).
30022 Web Page Mississippi Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Parks. 2017. First confirmed snakehead fish caught in Mississippi lake. https://www.mdwfp.com/media/press-releases/fishing-boating/first-confirmed-snakehead-fish-caught-in-mississippi-lake/. Created on 06/08/2017. Accessed on 06/08/2017.
43315 Database Missouri Department of Conservation. 2024. June 20204 collection records of Northern Snakehead in Missouri. Provided by D. Knuth. Missouri Departmetn of Conservation. Accessed on 06/21/2024.
41584 Web Page Morton, S. 2023. Northern Snakehead fish found in Concordia Parish. https://www.wlf.louisiana.gov/news/northern-snakehead-fish-found-in-concordia-parish. Created on 06/06/2023. Accessed on 06/09/2023.
43653 Conference Proceedings Nakai, K. 2018. Historical Review of Introduced Snakeheads in Japan. Pages 185-202 in 1st International Snakehead Symposium. Alexandria, VA.
45006 Database NatureServe. 2025. iMapInvasives: NatureServe’s online data system supporting strategic invasive species management. NatureServe. http://www.imapinvasives.org. Accessed on 03/18/2025.
26387 Database New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYDEC). 2007. New York State Freshwater Fisheries Database via MARIS. New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Albany, NY.
36823 Web Page New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC). 2020. DEC encourages Delaware River anglers to report invasive snakehead sightings. https://www.dec.ny.gov/press/121203.html. Created on 08/26/2020. Accessed on 09/02/2021.
36814 Web Page New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC). 2021. DEC investigating prevalence of invasive Northern Snakehead in Bashakill Marsh after angler report. https://www.dec.ny.gov/press/123703.html. Created on 08/31/2021. Accessed on 09/02/2021.
24182 Database New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. 2012. New York State Fish Data from Public Waters. New York State Department of Environmental Conservation.
25761 Database Newhard, J. 2012. Northern snakehead tagging study data in the Potomac River, 2009-2012 (unpublished data). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Annapolis, MD. Created on 03/04/2013.
26870 Database Newhard, J. 2014. Northern snakehead (Channa argus) collection data from the Potomac drainage for 2008. (Unpublished). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Annapolis, MD. Created on 05/28/2014.
32843 Database Newhard, J. 2019. Northern Snakehead capture data in Maryland. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Annapolis, MD. Created on 04/24/2019.
43654 Report Newhard, J. J. and J. W. Love. 2019. Comparison of fish community within the Blackwater River watershed before and after establishment of Northern Snakehead Channa argus. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Annapolis, MD. https://dnr.maryland.gov/fisheries/Documents/FINAL_Blackwater%20Fish%20Community%20Comparison.pdf.
44972 Journal Article Newhard, J.J., J. Love, and M. Walker. 2024. Changes in fish communities before and after establishment of Northern snakehead in an estuarine marsh of the Chesapeake Bay watershed. Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 15(2):380-394. https://meridian.allenpress.com/jfwm/article/15/2/380/503907/Changes-in-Fish-Communities-Before-and-After.
43655 Conference Proceedings Newhard, J.J., J.S. Odenkirk, and L. Lyon. 2018. Effects of Fishing on Select Populations of Northern Snakehead in the Potomac River. Pages 159-171 in 1st International Snakehead Symposium. Alexandria, VA.
43656 Book Nikol’skii, G. 1956. Ryby basseyna Amura [Fishes of the Amur basin]. Akademiia Nauk SSR, Moscow, Russia.
20908 Database North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences. 2011. North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences - Ichthyology Collection Database. North Carolina Museum of Natural History. http://collections.naturalsciences.org/searchFishes.aspx. Accessed on 02/14/2014.
19619 Other Cut-and-paste reference not available due to unhandled reference type. Please contact support to request the addition of the 'Other' type.
13807 News O'Brien, D. 2004. DNA test set for fish caught in Potomac. BaltimoreSun.com. June 8, 2004.
24163 Database Odenkirk, J. 2006. Snakeheads from the Potomac River Drainage. Commonwealth of Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries.
15735 Journal Article Odenkirk, J., and S. Owens. 2005. Northern snakeheads in the tidal Potomac River system. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 134(6):1605-1609. http://afsjournals.org/doi/full/10.1577/T05-085.1.
17185 Journal Article Odenkirk, J., and S. Owens. 2007. Expansion of a northern snakehead population in the Potomac River system. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 136:1633-1639.
26386 Journal Article Odenkirk, J., C. Lim, S. Owens, and M. Isel. 2013. Insight into age and growth of northern snakehead in the Potomac River. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 33:773-776.
29012 Journal Article Odenkirk, J.S., and M.W. Isel. 2016. Trends in abundance of Northern Snakeheads in Virginia tributaries of the Potomac River. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 145(4):687-692. https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2016.1149516.
14243 Book Okada, Y. 1960. Studies on the Freshwater Fishes of Japan, II. Special Part. Journal of the Faculty of Fisheries. Volume 4, No. 3. Prefectural University of Mie, Tsu, Japan.
14517 Journal Article Orrell, T.M., and L. Weigt. 2005. The Northern Snakehead Channa argus (Anabantomorpha: Channidae), a non-indigenous fish species in the Potomac River, U.S.A. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 118(2):407-415.
43657 Conference Proceedings Orth, D.J. 2018. Socrates Opens a Pandora's Box of Northern Snakehead Issues. Pages 203-221 in 1st International Snakehead Symposium. Alexandria, VA.
43658 Journal Article Ou, M., Zhao, J., Luo, Q., et al. 2018. Characteristics of hybrids derived from Channa argus ♀ × Channa maculata ♂. Aquaculture 492:349-356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2018.04.038.
18105 Journal Article Owens, S.J., J.S. Odenkirk, and R. Greenlee. 2008. Northern snakehead movement and distribution in the tidal Potomac River system. Proceedings of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies 62:161-167.
14881 News Partlow, Joshua. 2005. In Rain's Wake, a Deluge of Snakeheads. Washington Post. Oct 11:1-3. washingtonpost.com.
34369 Web Page Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission. 2020. Anglers urged to report, dispose of invasive northern snakeheads if caught in lower Susquehanna River. https://www.media.pa.gov/Pages/fish-and-Boat-Commission-Details.aspx?newsid=323. Created on 05/28/2020. Accessed on 05/28/2020.
13929 Web Page Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission. 2004. Another exotic species confirmed in PA waters. http://sites.state.pa.us/PA_Exec/Fish_Boat/newsreleases/2004/snakehead.htm.
42017 Web Page Pennsylvania Sea Grant. 2012. Northern Snakehead Channa argus. https://seagrant.psu.edu/sites/default/files/snakehead2013_reduced_0.pdf.
41949 Journal Article Petr, T., and V.P. Mitrofanov. 1998. The impact on fish stocks of river regulation in Central Asia and Kazakhstan. Lakes & Reservoirs: Science, Policy, and Management for Sustainable Use 3(3):143-164. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1770.1998.00069.x.
24171 Journal Article Poulos, H.M, B. Chernoff, P.L. Fuller, and D. Butman. 2012. Ensemble forecasting of potential habitat for three invasive species. Aquatic Invasions 7(1):59-72.
26048 Journal Article Pound, K.L., W.H. Nowlin, D.G. Huffman, and T.H. Bonner. 2011. Trophic ecology of a nonnative population of suckermouth catfish (Hypostomus plecostomus) in a central Texas spring-fed system. Environmental Biology of Fishes 90:277-285. http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10641-010-9741-7.
41588 Web Page Pritchard, J. 2023. MDC confirms second northern snakehead captured in Missouri. https://mdc.mo.gov/newsroom/mdc-confirms-second-northern-snakehead-captured-missouri. Created on 06/08/2023. Accessed on 06/09/2023.
43659 Journal Article Radocaj, T., et al. 2021. Identifying threats from introduced and translocated non-native freshwater fishes in Croatia and Slovenia under current and future climatic conditions. Global Ecology and Conservation 27:1-15. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2351989421000706?via%3Dihub.
31989 Journal Article Rahel, F.J. 2004. Unauthorized fish introductions: Fisheries management of the people, for the people, or by the people? American Fisheries Society Symposium 44:431-441. http://www.uwyo.edu/frahel/pdfs/rahel-2004-1.pdf.
31355 Journal Article Resh, C.A., M.P. Galaska, and A.R. Mahon. 2018. Genomic analyses of Northern Snakehead (Channa argus) populations in North America. PeerJ 6:e4581. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4581.
14457 Journal Article Rixon, C.A.M., I.C. Duggan, N.M.N. Bergeron, A. Ricciardi, and H.J. MacIsaac. 2005. Invasion risks posed by the aquarium trade and live fish markets on the Laurentian Great Lakes. Biodiversity and Conservation 14:1365-1381. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-004-9663-9.
37340 Journal Article Roop, H.J., N.V. Whelan, A.S. Williams, and J. Page. 2020. First record of occurrence and genetic characterization of a population of northern snakehead Channa argus (Cantor, 1842) in Georgia, USA. BioInvasions Records 9(4):842-852. https://doi.org/10.3391/bir.2020.9.4.18.
38194 News Salisbury University. 2022. SU to Host Nanticoke River Invasive Fishing Tournament July 30. Salisbury University. Salisbury, MD. Created on 07/11/2022. Accessed on 07/25/2022.
24962 Journal Article Saylor, R.K., N.W.R. Lapointe, and P.L. Angermeier. 2012. Diet of non-native northern snakehead (Channa argus) compared to three co-occurring predators in the lower Potomac River, USA. Ecology of Freshwater Fish 21:443-452. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1600-0633.2012.00563.x/abstract.
29795 Journal Article Schmidt, J. 2001. Asian snakeheads genus Channa. Tropical Fish Hobbyist 6:62-73.
26900 Journal Article Serrao, N.R., D. Steinke, and R.H. Hanner. 2014. Calibrating snakehead diversity with DNA barcodes: expanding taxonomic coverage to enable identification of potential and established invasive species. PLoS ONE 9(6):e99546. https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0099546.
14908 Report Shafland, P., W. Courtenay, J. Fury, and J. Hill. 2005. Scientists challenge snakehead myths - Informational release, August 20, 2005.
20958 News Sharpe, C. 2011. Invasive fish species found in Del. delmarvanow.com. 7 (29). http://www.delmarvanow.com/article/20110729/NEWS01/107290306.
27944 Journal Article Simmons, M., A.R. Mahon, A. Tucker, W.L. Chadderton, and C.L. Jerde. 2015. Active and passive environmental DNA surveillance of aquatic invasive species. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 72(10.1139/cjfas-2015-0262):28.
20915 Database Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History. 2011. National Museum of Natural History Vertebrate Zoology Ichthyology Collection. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC. http://collections.mnh.si.edu/search/fishes/. Accessed on 03/26/2013.
13876 Report Snakehead Scientific Advisory Panel. 2002. Second Report to the Maryland Secretary of Natural Resources. Department of Natural Resources, Annapolis, Maryland.
13329 Report Snakehead Scientific Advisory Panel. 2002. First Report to the Maryland Secretary of Natural Resources. Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Annapolis, MD. http://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc5300/sc5339/000113/004000/004189/unrestricted/20071038e.pdf.
24001 Journal Article Starnes, W.C., J. Odenkirk, and M.J. Ashton. 2011. Update and analysis of fish occurrences in the lower Potomac River drainage in the vicinity of Plummers Island, Maryland-Contribution XXXI to the natural history of Plummers Island, Maryland. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 124(4):280-309.
41580 Database Steiger, M. 2022. Delaware fish survey 2019-2022. Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife, Dover, DE. Accessed on 06/05/2023.
31471 Database Stetzar, E. 2018. Northern Snakehead (Channa argus) locations in Delaware, 2015-2016. Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control, Dover, DE. Created on 06/04/2018.
36863 News Taliesin, J. 2021. Man Catches Rare Invasive Snakehead Fish in Canton Reservoir. Boston.con. https://www.boston.com/news/local-news/2021/08/31/rare-invasive-snakehead-fish-caught-canton-reservoir/. Created on 09/06/2021. Accessed on 09/06/2021.
33723 News Thomas, M.T. 2019. Invasive northern snakehead fish confirmed caught in Monongahela River. Trib Total Media, LLC. https://triblive.com/local/pittsburgh-allegheny/invasive-northern-snakehead-fish-confirmed-caught-in-monongahela-river/. Created on 10/29/2019. Accessed on 10/29/2019.
13323 News Thomson, C. 2002. Fishing out the northern snakehead. Baltimore Sun. 7 (2):3 pp.
13324 News Thomson, C. 2002. Pond most likely has more than one snakehead. Baltimore Sun. 6 (3).
13322 News Thomson, C. 2002. Wanted: The one that got away. Baltimore Sun. 6 (30).
13320 News Thomson, C. 2002. It lurks in Crofton's waters. Baltimore Sun. 6 (22).
13321 News Thomson, C. 2002. Search continues for predatory fish in Crofton pond. Baltimore Sun. 6 (26).
43065 Database U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2024. Northern Snakehead capture reports. Provided by M. Walker. USFWS Maryland Fish and Wildlife Conservation Office, Annapolis, MD. Accessed on 12/27/2023.
24855 Journal Article Uchida, K., and M. Fujimoto. 1933. Life history and method of culture of the Corean snake-head fish, Ophiocephalus argus.. Bull. Fish. Exp. Stn. Chosen 3:1-91.
31377 Other Cut-and-paste reference not available due to unhandled reference type. Please contact support to request the addition of the 'Other' type.
13766 News Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries. 2004. Snakehead found in Virginia waters. http://releasesusnewswirecom/GetReleaseasp?id=174-051020045/11/2004. 2004 (May 10).
15320 News Washington Post. 2004. Attack of the killer fish. The Washington Post Company. 2004 (23 May). http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A48573-2004May22.html5/24/2004.
33127 News WDVM. 2019. Invasive Northern Snakehead Found in Virginia Lake. Nexstar Broadcasting, Inc. https://www.cbs17.com/pets-and-animals/invasive-northern-snakehead-found-in-virginia-lake/2017698643. Created on 05/23/2019. Accessed on 05/23/2019.
28829 Journal Article Wegleitner, B.J., A. Tucker, W.L. Chadderton, and A.R. Mahon. 2016. Identifying the genetic structure of introduced populations of northern snakehead (Channa argus) in Eastern USA. Aquatic Invasions 11(2):199-208. https://doi.org/10.3391/ai.2016.11.2.09.
31417 Web Page West Virginia Department of Natural Resources. 2018. Dead northern snakehead fish found on Opequon Creek in Berkeley County. http://www.wvdnr.gov/2018news/18news041.shtm. Created on 05/17/2018. Accessed on 05/17/2018.
34371 News Wheeler, T. 2020. Snakeheads shut down late-starting shad lift at Conowingo Dam. Bay Journal Media. https://www.bayjournal.com/news/fisheries/snakeheads-shut-down-late-starting-shad-lift-at-conowingo-dam/article_6d5a8c22-a057-11ea-a85b-97553e018b62.html. Created on 05/29/2020. Accessed on 05/29/2020.
43660 Book Chapter Wong, W. H. 2023. 5. Northern Snakehead (Channa argus). Pages 83-94 in Invasive Animals and Plants in Massachusetts Lakes and Rivers. CRC Press.
27293 Journal Article Zhang, X., S. Gong, J. Liu, X. He, and J. Gao. 1999. Studies on age and growth of Channa argus in the Wanghu Lake. Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica 23:600-603. http://europepmc.org/abstract/cba/573196.


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Citation information: U.S. Geological Survey. [2025]. Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database. Gainesville, Florida. Accessed [7/17/2025].

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