Reference List

This list includes references used to derive specimen records as well as those with scientific name Halophila stipulacea listed in key words.

Results also available in (click to export table to spreadsheet)

REFTypeCut-and-Paste Reference
46016 Database Aponte, N. University of Puerto Rico Herbarium (MSM). University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, PR.
45844 Journal Article Apostolaki, E.T., S. Vizzini, V. Santinelli, H. Kaberi, C. Andolina, and E. Papathanassiou. 2019. Exotic Halophila stipulacea is an introduced carbon sink for the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. Scientific Reports 9:9643. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-45046-w.
46118 Report Becking, L.E., T. Bussel, M.S. Engel, M. Christianen, A.O. Debrot. 2014. Proximate response of fish, conch, and sea turtles to the presence of the invasive seagrass Halophila stipulacea in Bonaire. Ministry of Economic Affairs, Bezuidenhoutseweg 73, Den Haag, Netherlands. https://edepot.wur.nl/314267.
46117 Journal Article Becking, L.E., T.C.J.M. van Bussel, A.O. Debrot, and M.J.A. Christianen. 2014. First Record of a Caribbean Green Turtle (Chelonia mydas) Grazing on Invasive Seagrass (Halophila stipulacea). Caribbean Journal of Science 48(2-3):162-163. https://doi.org/10.18475/cjos.v48i3.a05.
45872 Journal Article Bel Mabrouk, S., M. Reis, M.L. Sousa, T. Ribeiro, J.R. Almeida, S. Pereira, J. Antunes, F. Rosa, V. Vasconcelos, L. Achour, A. Kacem, and R. Urbatzka. 2020. The Marine Seagrass Halophila stipulacea as a Source of Bioactive Metabolites against Obesity and Biofouling. Marine Drugs 18(2):88. https://doi.org/10.3390/md18020088.
46108 Report Bervoets, T. 2011. Results of Nature Foundation Research into invasive Seagrass H. stipulacea in the Simpson Bay Lagoon. Nature Foundation St. Maarten, Cole Bay, St. Maarten. https://caribbeaninvasives.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/H.-stipulacea-report-1.pdf.
45862 Journal Article Bonanno, G., and S.A. Raccuia. 2018. Seagrass Halophila stipulacea: Capacity of accumulation and biomonitoring of trace elements. Science of the Total Environment 633:257-263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.196.
46133 Report Brubaker, M. 2023. Baseline assessment of invasive Halophila stipulacea in Virgin Islands National Park, St. John, USVI. University of Miami. https://scholarship.miami.edu/esploro/outputs/report/Baseline-assessment-of-invasive-Halophila-stipulacea/991031961720502976.
45524 Journal Article Campbell, J.E., A. Allen, D.C. Sattelberger, M.D. White, and J.W. Fourqurean. 2025. First record of the seagrass Halophila stipulacea (Forsskal) Ascherson in the waters of the continental United States (Key Biscayne, Florida). Aquatic Botany 196:103820. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2024.103820.
45522 Journal Article Cassell, J.S., E. Cruz-Rivera, S. Wyllie-Echeverria, and P. Jobsis. 2024. Variation in nutritional quality of an invasive seagrass does not explain its low palatability to two key herbivores in a Caribbean Bay. Aquatic Botany 190:103711. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2023.103711.
46145 Journal Article Chebaro, Z., J.E. Mesmar, A. Badran, A. Al-Sawalmih, M. Maresca, and E. Baydoun. 2024. Halophila stipulacea: A Comprehensive Review of Its Phytochemical Composition and Pharmacological Activities. Biomolecules 14(8):991. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom14080991.
46135 Journal Article Chiquillo, K.L., P.H. Barber, M.I. Vasquez, E. Cruz-Rivera, D.A. Willette, G. Winters, and P. Fong. 2023. An invasive seagrass drives its own success in two invaded seas by both negatively affecting native seagrasses and benefiting from those costs. Oikos 2023(3):e09403. https://doi.org/10.1111/oik.09403.
46132 Journal Article Christianen, M.J.A., F.O.H. Smulders, M.S. Engel, M.I. Nava, S. Willis, A.O. Debrot, P.J. Palsbøll, J.A. Vonk, and L.E. Becking. 2019. Megaherbivores may impact expansion of invasive seagrass in the Caribbean. Journal of Ecology 107(1):45-57. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.13021.
45871 Journal Article Conte, C., A. Rotini, G. Winters, M.I. Vasquez, G. Piazza, D. Kletou, and L. Milgliore. 2021. Elective affinities or random choice within the seagrass holobiont? The case of the native Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile and the exotic Halophila stipulacea (Forssk.) Asch. from the same site (Limassol, Cyprus). Aquatic Botany 174:103420. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2021.103420.
46110 Report Debrot, A.O., A. Hylkema, W. Vogelaar, H.W.G. Meesters, M.S. Engel, R. Leon, W.F. Prud'homme van Reine, and I. Nagelkerken. 2012. Baseline surveys of Lac Bay benthic and fish communities, Bonaire. The Ministry of Economic Affairs, Agriculture and Innovation, The Hague, Netherlands. https://edepot.wur.nl/244788.
45846 Journal Article Di Martino, V., B. Stancanelli, and A. Molinari. 2007. Fish community associated with Halophila stipulacea meadow in the Mediterranean Sea. Cybium 31(4):451-458. https://doi.org/10.26028/cybium/2007-314-006.
45847 Journal Article Di Martino, V., M.C. Blundo, and G. Tita. 2006. The Mediterranean introduced seagrass Halophila stipulacea in eastern Sicily (Italy): temporal variations of the associated algal assemblage. Vie et Milieu/Life & Environment 56(3):223-230. https://hal.sorbonne-universite.fr/hal-03228754/document.
46019 Journal Article Drew, E.A. 1979. Physiological aspects of primary production in seagrasses. Aquatic Botany 7:139-150. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3770(79)90018-4.
46433 Journal Article Ebersole, A., J.E. Kaldy, C. Sullivan, A. Dieppa, I.C. Cosme, and M.O. Lugo. 2025. Plant characteristics of the non-native seagrass Halophila stipulacea in recently colonized beds of Puerto Rico. Aquatic Botany 201:103926. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103926.
46131 Journal Article Ferry, R., Y. Buske, J. Poupin, and J. Smith-Ravin. 2017. First record of the invasive swimming crab Charybdis hellerii (A. Milne Edwards, 1867) (Crustacea, Portunidae) off Martinique, French Lesser Antilles. BioInvasions Records 6(3):239-247. https://doi.org/10.3391/bir.2017.6.3.09.
46306 Database Florida Department of Environmental Protection. 2025. Southeast Florida Action Network (SEAFAN). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission. https://floridadep.gov/rcp/coral/content/seafan-southeast-florida-action-network. Accessed on 08/22/2025.
46025 Journal Article Hernández-Delgado, E.A., C. Toledo-Hernández, C.P. Ruíz-Díaz, N. Gómez-Andújar, J.L. Medina-Muñiz, M.F. Canals-Silander, and S.E. Suleimán-Ramos. 2020. Hurricane Impacts and the Resilience of the Invasive Sea Vine, Halophila stipulacea: a Case Study from Puerto Rico. Estuaries and Coasts 43:1263-1283. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-019-00673-4.
25944 Database iNaturalist. 2024. http://www.inaturalist.org/. Accessed on 08/13/2024.
46434 Journal Article Kaldy, J.E., C. Sullivan, A. Dieppa, E. Huertas, M. Reiss, I. Wojtenko, J. Perzley, I.C. Cosme, and M.O. Lugo. 2025. Preliminary assessment of a nutrient pollution indicator for application to tropical seagrasses of Puerto Rico. Aquatic Botany 201:103903. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103903.
46134 Journal Article Kaldy, J.E., C. Sullivan, A. Dieppa, I. Cappielo Cosme, M. Orizondo Lugo, and M. Schiebout. 2023. First record of phytomyxid infection of the non-native seagrass Halophila stipulacea in Puerto Rico. Botanica Marina 66(2):93-97. https://doi.org/10.1515/bot-2022-0074.
45865 Journal Article Kandemir-Cavas, C., H. Pérez-Sanchez, N. Mert-Ozupek, and L. Cavas. 2019. In Silico Analysis of Bioactive Peptides in Invasive Sea Grass Halophila stipulacea. Cells 8(6):557. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells8060557.
45510 Journal Article Kolatkova, V., F.O.H. Smulders, E.A. Ward, and M. Vohnik. 2022. Range expansion of Marinomyxa marina, a phytomyxid parasite of the invasive seagrass Halophila stipulacea, to the Caribbean. Aquatic Botany 182:103554. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2022.103554.
46136 Journal Article Legernes, M., R.S. Nemeth, and B. Legare. 2024. Movements, foraging and habitat selection of southern stingrays (Hypanus americanus) in a tropical ecosystem altered by an invasive seagrass. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 309:108958. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2024.108958.
46141 Journal Article Lipkin, Y. 1975. Halophila stipulacea, a review of a successful immigration. Aquatic Botany 1:203-215. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3770(75)90023-6.
46151 Journal Article Malm, T. 2006. Reproduction and recruitment of the seagrass Halophila stipulacea. Aquatic Botany 85(4):345-349. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2006.05.008.
46021 Conference Proceedings Mannino, A.M., and M. Pinna. 2022. Can Halophila stipulacea outcompete Cymodocea nodosa? A case study of a Mediterranean shallow water habitat. Page 73 in Mediterranean Islands Conference. 14-17 September 2022, The Island of Vis, Croatia.
46138 Journal Article Mannino, A.M., P. Balistreri, F.P. Mancuso, F. Bozzeda, and M. Pinna. 2023. Searching for the competitive ability of the alien seagrass Halophila stipulacea with the autochthonous species Cymodocea nodosa. NeoBiota 83:155-177. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.83.99508.
46119 Journal Article Maréchal, J.-P., E.H. Meesters, F. Vedie, and C. Hellio. 2013. Occurrence of the alien seagrass Halophila stipulacea in Martinique (French West Indies). Marine Biodiversity Records 6:e127. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755267213000961.
45856 Journal Article Mejia, A.Y., A. Rotini, F. Lacasella, R. Bookman, M.C. Thaller, R. Shem-Tov, G. Winters, and L. Migliore. 2016. Assessing the ecological status of seagrasses using morphology, biochemical descriptors and microbial community analyses. A study in Halophila stipulacea (Forsk.) Aschers meadows in the northern Red Sea. Ecological Indicators 60:1150-1163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.09.014.
45870 Journal Article Nguyen, H.M., I. Savva, P. Kleitou, D. Kletou, F.P. Lima, Y. Sapir, and G. Winters. 2020. Seasonal dynamics of native and invasive Halophila stipulacea populations—A case study from the northern Gulf of Aqaba and the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Aquatic Botany 162:103205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2020.103205.
45860 Journal Article Nguyen, H.M., N.S. Yadav, S. Barak, F.P. Lima, Y. Sapir, and G. Winters. 2020. Responses of Invasive and Native Populations of the Seagrass Halophila stipulacea to Simulated Climate Change. Frontiers in Marine Science 6:812. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00812.
45834 Journal Article Olinger L.K., S.L. Heidmann, A.N. Durdall, C. Howe, T. Ramseyer, S.G. Thomas, D.N. Lasseigne, E.J. Brown, J.S. Cassell, M.M. Donihe, M.D. Duffing Romero, M.A. Duke, D. Green, P. Hillbrand, K.R. Wilson Grimes, R.S. Nemeth, T.B. Smith, and M. Brandt. 2017. Altered juvenile fish communities associated with invasive Halophila stipulacea seagrass habitats in the U.S. Virgin Islands. PLoS ONE 12(11):e0188386. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0188386.
45849 Journal Article Rindi, F., F. Maltagliati, F. Rossi, S. Acunto, and F. Cinelli. 1999. Algal flora associated with a Halophila stipulacea (Forsskål) Ascherson (Hydrocharitaceae, Helobiae) stand in the western Mediterranean. Oceanologica Acta 22(4):421-429. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0399-1784(00)88725-3.
46140 Journal Article Rodríguez-Jerez, Y., R. Sellares-Blasco, M.F. Villalpando, E. Vargas-Pérez, A. Valdez-Trinidad, S. Zambrano, Y.D. Evangelista, S.D. Guendulain-García, and A. Croquer. 2025. First report of Halophila stipulacea (Forsskål) Ascherson,1867 in the Dominican Republic, an invasive species that continues to expand across the Caribbean. Aquatic Botany 201:103915. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103915.
46120 Journal Article Rogers, C.S., D.A. Winters, and J. Miller. 2014. Rapidly spreading seagrass invades the Caribbean with unknown ecological consequences. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 12(10):546-547. https://doi.org/10.1890/14.WB.016.
46015 Journal Article Ruiz, H., and D.L. Ballantine. 2004. Occurrence of the seagrass Halophila stipulacea in the tropical West Atlantic. Bulletin of Marine Science 75(1):131-135. https://www.ingentaconnect.com/contentone/umrsmas/bullmar/2004/00000075/00000001/art00011.
45839 Journal Article Ruiz, H., D.L. Ballantine, and J. Sabater. 2017. Continued Spread of the seagrass Halophila stipulacea in the Caribbean: Documentation in Puerto Rico and the British Virgin Islands. Gulf and Caribbean Research 28(1):SC5-SC7. https://doi.org/10.18785/gcr.2801.05.
46023 Journal Article Sánchez-González, J.L., C.P. Ruiz-Díaz, C. Toledo-Hernández, and A.M. Sabat. 2025. Effects of a Category One Hurricane on Caribbean Native and Invasive Seagrasses. Caribbean Journal of Science 55(1):65-80. https://doi.org/10.18475/cjos.v55i1.a8.
45874 Journal Article Sansone, C., C. Galasso, M.L. Martire, T.V. Fernández, L. Musco, A. Dell’Anno, A. Bruno, D.M. Noonan, A. Albini, C. Brunet. 2021. In Vitro Evaluation of Antioxidant Potential of the Invasive Seagrass Halophila stipulacea. Marine Drugs 19(1):37. https://doi.org/10.3390/md19010037.
45836 Journal Article Scheibling, R.E., D.G. Patriquin, and K. Filbee-Dexter. 2018. Distribution and abundance of the invasive seagrass Halophila stipulacea and associated benthic macrofauna in Carriacou, Grenadines, Eastern Caribbean. Aquatic Botany 144:1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2017.10.003.
45841 Conference Proceedings Sghaier, Y.R., R. Zakhama-Sraieb, and F. Charfi-Cheikhrouha. 2014. Effects of the invasive seagrass Halophila stipulacea on the native seagrass Cymodocea nodosa. Pages 167-171 in 5th Mediterranean Symposium on Marine Vegetation. Portorož, Slovenia, 27-28 October 2014.
46139 Journal Article Siegwalt, F., L. Jeantet, P. Lelong, J. Martin, M. Girondot, P. Bustamante, A. Benhalilou, C. Murgale, L. Andreani, F. Jacaria, G. Campistron, A. Lathière, C. Barotin, G. Buret-Rochas, P. Barre, G. Hielard, A. Arqué, S. Régis, N. Lecerf, Cédric Frouin, and D. Chevallier. 2022. Food selection and habitat use patterns of immature green turtles (Chelonia mydas) on Caribbean seagrass beds dominated by the alien species Halophila stipulacea. Global Ecology and Conservation 37:e02169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02169.
16075 Database Smithsonian Institution. 2019. United States National Herbarium (US). Department of Botany, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC. http://botany.si.edu/. Accessed on 04/17/2021.
46144 Journal Article Smulders F.O.H., S.T. Becker, J.E. Campbell, E.S. Bakker, M.J. Boässon, M.M. Bouwmeester, J.A. Vonk, and M.J.A. Christianen. 2022. Fish grazing enhanced by nutrient enrichment may limit invasive seagrass expansion. Aquatic Botany 176:103464. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2021.103464.
45843 Journal Article Smulders, F.O.H., J.A. Vonk, M.S. Engel, and M.J.A. Christianen. 2017. Expansion and fragment settlement of the non-native seagrass Halophila stipulacea in a Caribbean bay. Marine Biology Research 13(9):967-974. https://doi.org/10.1080/17451000.2017.1333620.
46122 Report Steiner, S.C.C., and D.A. Willette. 2013. The invasive seagrass Halophila stipulacea (Hydrocharitaceae, Angiospermae) and its impact on the benthic landscape of Dominica, Lesser Antilles. Institute for Tropical Marine Ecology, Roseau, Commonwealth of Dominica. https://www.itme.org/reports/ITME_RReports32.pdf.
46123 Journal Article Steiner, S.C.C., K.J. Macfarlane, L.M. Price, and D.A. Willette. 2010. The distribution of seagrasses in Dominica, Lesser Antilles. Revista de Biología Tropical 58(Suppl. 3):89-98. https://www.itme.org/reports/ITME_RReports29.pdf.
46137 Journal Article Valdez, S.R., E.C. Shaver, D.A. Keller, J.P. Morton, Y.S. Zhang, C. Wiernicki, C. Chen, C. Martinez, and B.R. Silliman. 2021. A survey of benthic invertebrate communities in native and non-native seagrass beds in St. John, USVI. Aquatic Botany 175:103448. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2021.103448.
46020 Thesis or Dissertation van Hee, F.M. 2022. Seagrasses and coastal protection: The role of Halophila stipulacea in sediment stability at the coast of St. Eustatius, Dutch Caribbean. Unpublished M.S. thesis. Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands. https://studenttheses.uu.nl/handle/20.500.12932/41578.
46127 Journal Article van Tussenbroek, B.I., M.M. van Katwijk, T.J. Bouma, T. van der Heide, L.L. Govers, and R.S.E.W. Leuven. 2016. Non-native seagrass Halophila stipulacea forms dense mats under eutrophic conditions in the Caribbean. Journal of Sea Research 115:1-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seares.2016.05.005.
45521 Journal Article Vaughn, K.M., A. Durdall, D.A. Willette, M. Brandt, S. Costa, and K.W. Grimes. 2024. Sediment carbon storage in subtidal beds of the invasive seagrass Halophila stipulacea along an extreme water depth gradient, St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands. Aquatic Botany 194:103778. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2024.103778.
46129 Journal Article Vera, B., L. Collado-Vides, C. Moreno, and B.I. van Tussenbroek. 2014. Halophila stipulacea (Hydrocharitaceae): A Recent Introduction to the Continental Waters of Venezuela. Caribbean Journal of Science 48(1):66-70. https://doi.org/10.18475/cjos.v48i1.a11.
45853 Journal Article Waycott M., K.-j. van Dijk, A. Calladine, E. Bricker, and E. Biffin. 2021. Genomics-Based Phylogenetic and Population Genetic Analysis of Global Samples Confirms Halophila johnsonii Eiseman as Halophila ovalis (R.Br.) Hook.f. Frontiers in Marine Science 8:740958. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.740958.
45845 Journal Article Wesselmann, M., N.R. Geraldi, C.M. Duarte, J. Garcia-Orellana, R. Díaz-Rúa, A. Arias-Ortiz, I.E. Hendriks, E.T. Apostolaki, and N. Marbà. 2021. Seagrass (Halophila stipulacea) invasion enhances carbon sequestration in the Mediterranean Sea. Global Change Biology 27(11):2592-2607. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15589.
45835 Journal Article Willette, D.A., and R.F. Ambrose. 2009. The distribution and expansion of the invasive seagrass Halophila stipulacea in Dominica, West Indies, with a preliminary report from St. Lucia. Aquatic Botany 91(3):137-142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2009.04.001.
37447 Journal Article Willette, D.A., J. Chalifour, A.O.D. Debrot, M.S. Engel, J. Miller, H.A. Oxenford, F.T. Short, S.C.C. Steiner, F. Védie. 2014. Continued expansion of the trans-Atlantic invasive marine angiosperm Halophila stipulacea in the Eastern Caribbean. Aquatic Botany 112:98-102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2013.10.001.
45866 Journal Article Willette, D.A., K.L. Chiquillo, C. Cross, P. Fong, T. Kelley, C.A. Toline, R. Zweng, and R. Muthukrishnan. 2020. Growth and recovery after small-scale disturbance of a rapidly-expanding invasive seagrass in St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 523:151265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2019.151265.
46116 Journal Article Winters, G., C. Conte, P. Beca-Carretero, H.M. Nguyen, L. Migliore, M. Mulas, G. Rilov, T. Guy-Haim, M.J. González, I. Medina, D. Golomb, N. Baharier, M. Kaminer, and K. Kitson-Walters. 2023. Superior growth traits of invaded (Caribbean) versus native (Red sea) populations of the seagrass Halophila stipulacea. Biological Invasions 25:2325-2342. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-023-03045-z.
45534 Journal Article Winters, G., H.M. Nguyen, and M. Kaminer. 2025. Expansion of Halophila stipulacea in parallel with declines of native seagrasses in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Aquatic Botany 196:103829. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2024.103829.
45837 Journal Article Winters, G., S. Beer, D.A. Willette, I.G. Viana, K.L. Chiquillo, P. Beca-Carretero, B. Villamayor, T. Azcárate-García, R. Shem-Tov, B. Mwabvu, L. Migliore, A. Rotini, M.A. Oscar, J. Belmaker, I. Gamliel, A. Alexandre, A.H. Engelen, G. Procaccini, and G. Rilov. 2020. The Tropical Seagrass Halophila stipulacea: Reviewing What We Know From Its Native and Invasive Habitats, Alongside Identifying Knowledge Gaps. Frontiers in Marine Science 7:300. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.00300.


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