Reference List

This list includes references used to derive specimen records as well as those with scientific name Craspedacusta sowerbii listed in key words.

Results also available in (click to export table to spreadsheet)

REFTypeCut-and-Paste Reference
18789 News Anderson, D. 2009. Local Fisherman Finds Suspected Freswater Jellyfish. Kinstoncom. July 17, 2009. http://www.kinston.com/articles/jellyfish-57075-county-lenoir.html.
13164 Journal Article Angradi, T.R. 1998. Observations of freshwater jellyfish, Craspedacusta sowerbyi Lankester (Trachylina: Petasidae), in a West Virginia reservoir. Brimleyana 25:34-42.
13200 News Anonymous. 1999. State Briefs. Jellyfish found in Lake Norman. Morning Star News, Wilmington, NC. 13 (192).
15639 Web Page Anonymous. 2005. Craspedacusta sowerbii Lancaster 1880- freshwater jellyfish. http://www.jellyfish.iup.edu/.
17194 News Anonymous. 2008. Fish out of water? Channel 7 News, Wichita Falls, OK. January 2. http://www.kswo.com/Global/story.asp?S=7568583.
35771 News Ball, P. 2010. Swimmer finds jeyfish in Walden Pond in Concord. Wicked Local. https://www.wickedlocal.com/x90333751/Swimmer-finds-jellyfish-in-Walden-Pond-in-Concord. Created on 09/08/2010. Accessed on 05/26/2021.
1068 Journal Article Bay, E.C. 1966. Adaptation studies with the Argentine pearl fish, Cynolebias bellottii, for its introduction into California. Copeia 1966(4):839-846.
29964 Journal Article Beckett, D.C., and E.J. Turanchik. 1980. Brief Note: Occurrence of the Freshwater Jellyfish Craspedacusta sowerbyi Lankester in the Ohio River. Ohio Journal of Science 80(2):95-96.
29965 Journal Article Bushnell, J.H. Jr., and T.W. Porter. 1967. The Occurrence, Habitat, and Prey of Craspedacusta sowerbyi (Particularly Polyp Stage) in Michigan. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 86(1):22-27.
26266 Database California Department of Fish and Game. 2009. California Aquatic Non-native Organism Database (CANOD). California Department of Fish and Game, Office of Spill Prevention and Response. http://www.dfg.ca.gov/ospr/Science/about_canod.aspx. Created on 03/08/2011. Accessed on 07/20/2011.
13192 Web Page Campbell, S. 1999. Hydramania! www.dallasdino.org. Accessed on 10/19/1999.
31464 Journal Article Caputo, L., P. Huovinen, R. Sommaruga, and I. Gomez. 2018. Water transparency affects the survival of the medusa stage of the invasive freshwater jellyfish Craspedacusta sowerbii. Hydrobiologia 817(1):179-191.
29001 News Carter, A. 2016. Jellyfish live in Indiana lakes — yes, really. The Indianapolis Star. Indianapolis, IN. http://www.indystar.com/story/news/2016/09/12/jellyfish-live-indiana-lakes----yes-really/88960174/. Created on 09/13/2016. Accessed on 09/14/2016.
24369 Database Center for Invasive Species and Ecosystem Health. 2024. EDDMapS: Early detection and distribution mapping system. The University of Georgia, Tifton, GA. https://www.eddmaps.org/tools/query/. Accessed on 01/27/2019.
13191 Journal Article Deacon, J.E., and W.L. Haskell. 1967. Observations on the Ecology of the Freshwater Jellyfish in Lake Mead, Nevada. American Midland Naturalist 78(1):155-166.
27073 News DeMarco, K. 2014. Jellyfish surface in Lake Oroville. KCRA 3 News. 8 (20). http://www.kcra.com/news/jellyfish-surface-in-lake-oroville/27654806. Created on 08/20/2014. Accessed on 10/20/2014.
13211 Journal Article Edmondson, C.H. 1940. Freshwater jellyfish in Hawaii. Science 91(2361):313-314.
44866 Journal Article El Moussaoui, N., and B.E. Beisner. 2017. Facteurs environnementaux associés à la prolifération de la méduse d’eau douce Craspedacusta sowerbii dans les lacs du Québec. Le Naturaliste Canadien 141(1):47-57. https://doi.org/10.7202/1037938ar.
1420 Report Eldredge, L.G. 1994. Perspectives in Aquatic Exotic Species Management in the Pacific Islands. Vol. I. Introductions of commercially significant aquatic organisms to the Pacific Islands. South Pacific Commission, Noumea, New Caledonia.
28020 News Ellison, G. 2015. Video shows invasive freshwater jellyfish found in Northern Michigan lake. MLive. http://www.mlive.com/news/grand-rapids/index.ssf/2015/08/burt_lake_jellyfish_michigan.html. Created on 08/26/2015. Accessed on 09/21/2015.
18582 Database Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, (Larry Connor). 2009. FWC Exotic database as of 3-31-2009. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission.
39096 Journal Article Fraire-Pacheco, K., P. Arancibia-Avila, J. Concha, F. Echeverría, M.L Salazar, C. Figueroa, M. Espinoza, J. Sepúlveda, P. Jara-Zapata, J. Jeldres-Urra, and E. Vega-Román. 2017. A new report of Craspedacusta sowerbii (Lankester, 1880) in southern Chile. International Journal of Field Research on Biological Invasions 6(1):25-31. https://doi.org/10.3391/bir.2017.6.1.05.
27212 News Gannett Central Wisconsin Media. 2014. Jellyfish found in Waupaca County lake. Gannett Central Wisconsin Media. http://www.wausaudailyherald.com/story/news/local/2014/10/14/jellyfish-found-waupaca-county-lake/17264755/. Created on 10/15/2014. Accessed on 02/12/2015.
23851 Journal Article Garman, H. 1916. The sudden appearance of great numbers of fresh-water medusae in a Kentucky creek. Science 44(1146):858-860.
17446 Database Great Lakes Indian Fish and Wildlife Commission (GLIFWC). 2017. Exotic Species Information Center. Great Lakes Indian Fish and Wildlife Commission. http://maps.glifwc.org/. Accessed on 01/31/2018.
14777 Journal Article Hargitt, C.W. 1919. Distribution of the Fresh-Water Medusa, Craspedacusta, in the United States. Science- New Series 50(1296):413-415. http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0036-8075%2819191031%293%3A50%3A1296%3C413%3ADOTFMC%3E2.0.CO%3B2-A.
38390 News Hill, S. 2022. Fisherman encounters hundreds of Chinese jellyfish in Minnesota lake. Field & Stream. https://www.fieldandstream.com/conservation/chinese-jellyfish-minnesota-lake-video/. Created on 08/31/2022. Accessed on 09/02/2022.
30977 Journal Article Howmiller, R. P., and G. M. Ludwig. 1972. A record of Craspedacusta sowerbyi in Wisconsin. Papers of the Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters 60:181-182.
13921 Journal Article Hubschman, J.H., and W.J. Kishler. 1972. Craspedacusta sowerbyi Lankester 1880 and Cordylophora lacustris Allman 1871 in Western Lake Erie (Coelenterata). The Ohio Journal of Science 72(6):318-321.
25944 Database iNaturalist. 2024. http://www.inaturalist.org/. Accessed on 08/13/2024.
29457 Web Page Indiana Department of Natural Resources. 2015. Freshwater Jellyfish. https://www.facebook.com/INdnr/videos/10153325617159811/. Created on 09/27/2015. Accessed on 02/09/2017.
42409 News Johnson, K. 2023. I Speak for the Fish: Bloomin’ jellies in Lake Huron. Great Lakes Now. Detroit, MI. Created on 10/16/2023. Accessed on 10/17/2023.
30752 Journal Article Kimmel, B.L., M.M. White, S.R. McComas, and B.R. Looney. 1980. Recurrence of the freshwater jellyfish, Craspedacusta sowerbii (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa), in the Little River system, southeastern Oklahoma. The Southwestern Naturalist 25(3):426-428.
42991 Journal Article Lankester, E.R. 1880. On a new jelly-fish of the order Trachomedusae, living in fresh water. Nature 22:147-148. https://archive.org/details/nature221880lock/page/147/mode/1up?view=theater.
32104 News Lees, J. 2018. There Are Jellyfish — Yes, Jellyfish — in Missouri's Lakes. Riverfront Times (RFT). St. Louis, MO. https://www.riverfronttimes.com/newsblog/2018/09/19/there-are-jellyfish-yes-jellyfish-in-missouris-lakes?utm_source=2018-10-01+Hiking+the+Ozarks+in+Northeastern+Oklahoma&utm_campaign=Hiking+the+Ozarks+in+Northeastern+Oklahoma&utm_medium=email. Created on 09/18/2018. Accessed on 10/01/2018.
35772 Web Page Leigh Hester, J. 2021. Walden Pond is now teeming with jellyfish— but dont panic. https://www.wired.com/story/walden-pond-is-now-teeming-with-jellyfish-but-dont-panic/. Created on 05/22/2021. Accessed on 05/26/2021.
27065 Journal Article Mabee, W.R. 1997. New records of freshwater jellyfish, Craspedacusta sowerbyi (Lankester) in Missouri. Transactions of the Missouri Academy of Science 31:47-49.
38611 News MacDonald, D. 2022. Invasive jellyfish species spotted in northern Ontario lake for the first time. CTV News. Northern Ontario. Created on 09/15/2022. Accessed on 09/19/2022.
44856 Journal Article McAlpine, D.F., T.L. Peard, T.J. Fletcher, and G. Hanson. 2002. First reports of the freshwater jellyfish Craspedacusta sowerbyi (Hydrozoa: Olindiidae) from Maritime Canada with a review of Canadian occurrences. Journal of Freshwater Ecology 17(2):341-344. https://doi.org/10.1080/02705060.2002.9663904.
30978 Journal Article McClary, A. 1960. Food ingestion in Craspedacusta sowerbii. Papers of the Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters 49:149-156.
13193 News McGaffin, P. 1997. Freshwater jellyfish found in lake. The Daily Herald Co online. http://www.heraldnet.com. Created on 09/13/1997. Accessed on 10/19/1999.
13199 News Miller, Ken. 1997. Girls Scouts find freshwater jellyfish. Creatures are living in pond near Greenbelt that once was a quarry. Idaho Statesman.
13065 Journal Article Mills, E.L., D.L. Strayer, M.D. Scheuerell, and J.T. Carlton. 1996. Exotic species in the Hudson River basin: A history of invasions and introductions. Estuaries 19(4):814-823.
703 Journal Article Mills, E.L., J.H. Leach, J.T. Carlton, and C.L. Secor. 1993. Exotic species in the Great Lakes: a history of biotic crises and anthropogenic introductions. Journal of Great Lakes Research 19(1):1-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(93)71197-1.
39107 Journal Article Minchin, D., J.M. Caffrey, D. Haberlin, D. Germaine, C. Walsh, R. Boelens, and T.K. Doyle. 2016. First observations of the freshwater jellyfish Craspedacusta sowerbii Lankester, 1880 in Ireland coincides with unusually high water temperatures. International Journal of Field Research on Biological Invasions 5(2):67-74. https://doi.org/10.3391/bir.2016.5.2.02.
45006 Database NatureServe. 2025. iMapInvasives: NatureServe’s online data system supporting strategic invasive species management. NatureServe. http://www.imapinvasives.org. Accessed on 03/18/2025.
41340 News Neuffer, S. 2023. Invasive fish removed from Baily Fishing Pond. Nevada Appeal. Carson City, NV. https://www.nevadaappeal.com/news/2023/apr/19/invasive-fish-removed-from-carson-city-baily-fishing-pond/.
33089 Journal Article Payne, F. 1924. A study of the freshwater medusae, Craspedacusta ryderi. Journal of Morphology 38:397-430.
24091 Web Page Peard, T. 2005. Freshwater Jellyfish. http://www.freshwaterjellyfish.org/.
15858 Web Page Peard, T. 2016. freshwaterjellyfish.org. http://www.freshwaterjellyfish.org/location/.
13166 Web Page Peard, T., and M. Thorn. 1999. Freshwater Jellyfish! Created on 08/25/1997. Accessed on 01/25/2023.
25112 Web Page Peard, T., and M. Thorn. 2002. Freshwater Jellyfish!
14583 Journal Article Pennak, R.W. 1956. The fresh-water jellyfish Craspedacusta in Colorado with some remarks on its ecology and morphological degeneration. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 75:325-331. https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/3223963.pdf.
30795 News Pesanti, D. 2017. Jellyfish find their way into Battle Ground Lake. The Spokesman-Review. Vancouver, WA. November 18. http://www.spokesman.com/stories/2017/nov/18/jellyfish-find-their-way-into-battle-ground-lake/. Created on 11/18/2017. Accessed on 11/21/2017.
44858 Journal Article Robert, R.F.A. 1956. La méduse Craspedacusta sowerbii dans les lacs des Laurentides. Annales de l'ACFAS 1954-55 22:49.
27074 News Soffer, S. 2014. Jellyfish spotted in Waupaca County lake: Updated. WBAY-TV. 10 (15). http://www.wbay.com/story/26792661/2014/10/15/jellyfish-spotted-in-waupaca-county-lake. Created on 10/15/2014. Accessed on 10/20/2014.
29002 News Strege, D. 2016. Swimmer makes unexpected find in lake; ‘I didn’t realize there was such a thing’. GrindTV. Carlsbad, CA. http://www.grindtv.com/wildlife/swimmer-makes-unexpected-find-lake-didnt-realize-thing/#B1oPJ1XhLIL6jsDO.97. Created on 09/13/2016. Accessed on 09/14/2016.
30274 News Sutton, K. 2017. Strange little creatures amaze swimmers and boaters. Three Rivers Edition. Little Rock, AR. http://www.arkansasonline.com/news/2017/jul/23/strange-little-creatures-amaze-swimmers-and-boater/?f=threerivers. Created on 07/23/2017. Accessed on 07/24/2017.
24757 Book Thorp, J.H., and A.P. Covich. 2010. Ecology and Classification of North American Freshwater Invertebrates (Third Edition). Academic Press, Elsevier Inc, San Diego, CA. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/book/9780123748553.
14599 Web Page University of Rhode Island. 1996. Freshwater jellyfish in Rhode Island.
31653 Journal Article Van Cleave, H.J. 1936. Fresh-water jellyfish in Illinois. Science 83(2158):433. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.83.2158.443.a.
30026 Journal Article Walley, H.D. 1972. The fresh-water jellyfish, Craspedacusta sowerbyi in Illinois. Transactions of the Illinois Academy of Science 65:80-81.
27924 Database Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (WI DNR). 2017. Lakes and rivers with invasives species. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Madison, WI. http://dnr.wi.gov/lakes/invasives/AISLists.aspx. Accessed on 12/04/2017.
17929 Database Wisconsin Dept. of Natural Resources. 2008. Aquatic Invasive Species Lists and Maps. Wisconsin Dept. of Natural Resources. http://dnr.wi.gov/lakes/ais/.
19334 Database Wisconsin Dept. of Natural Resources. 2010. Aquatic Invasives Data and Maps. Wisconsin Dept of Natural Resources, Madison, Wisconsin. http://dnr.wi.gov/lakes/invasives/BySpecies.aspx.


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Citation information: U.S. Geological Survey. [2025]. Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database. Gainesville, Florida. Accessed [5/19/2025].

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