Reference List

This list includes references used to derive specimen records as well as those with scientific name Ctenopharyngodon idella listed in key words.

Results also available in (click to export table to spreadsheet)

REFTypeCut-and-Paste Reference
26793 Conference Proceedings 1994. . Page 245 pp in Haller, W.T, ed. Proceedings of the Grass Carp symposium. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Waterways Experiment Station. Vicksburg, MS.
41494 Report 2011. Monitoring and Rapid Response Plan for Asian Carp in the Upper Illinois River and Chicago Area Waterway System. Asian Carp Regional Coordinating Committee Monitoring and Rapid Response Workgroup. https://invasivecarp.us/Documents/MRRP2011.pdf.
41493 Report 2012. Monitoring and Rapid Response Plan for Asian Carp in the Upper Illinois River and Chicago Area Waterway System. Asian Carp Regional Coordinating Committee Monitoring and Rapid Response Workgroup. https://invasivecarp.us/Documents/MRRP2012.pdf.
19782 Report 2012. 2011 Asian Carp Monitoring and Rapid Response Plan Interim Summary Reports: Asian Carp Control. Asian Carp Regional Coordinating Committee. https://invasivecarp.us/Documents/MRRPInterimSummaryReports2011.pdf.
41492 Report 2013. Monitoring and Response Plan for Asian Carp in the Upper Illinois River and Chicago Area Waterway System. Asian Carp Regional Coordinating Committee Monitoring and Response Workgroup. https://invasivecarp.us/Documents/MRP2013.pdf.
41504 Report 2013. 2012 Asian Carp Monitoring and Rapid Response Plan Interim Summary Reports. Asian Carp Regional Coordinating Committee. https://invasivecarp.us/Documents/MRRPInterimSummaryReports2012.pdf.
41491 Report 2014. Monitoring and Response Plan for Asian Carp in the Upper Illinois River and Chicago Area Waterway System. Asian Carp Regional Coordinating Committee Monitoring and Response Workgroup. https://invasivecarp.us/Documents/MRP2014.pdf.
41503 Report 2014. 2013 Asian Carp Monitoring and Response Plan Interim Summary Reports. Asian Carp Regional Coordinating Committee. https://invasivecarp.us/Documents/InterimSummary2013.pdf.
41502 Report 2015. 2014 Asian Carp Monitoring and Response Plan Interim Summary Reports. Asian Carp Monitoring and Response Plan. https://invasivecarp.us/Documents/InterimSummary2014.pdf.
41501 Report 2015. Asian Carp Monitory and Response Plan Interim Summary Report. Asian Carp Regional Coordinating Committee. https://invasivecarp.us/Documents/InterimSummary2015.pdf.
41490 Report 2015. Monitoring and Response Plan for Asian Carp in the Upper Illinois River and Chicago Area Waterway System. Asian Carp Regional Coordinating Committee Monitoring and ResponseWorkgroup. https://invasivecarp.us/Documents/MRP2015.pdf.
41466 Report 2016. Monitoring and Response Plan for Asian Carp in the Upper Illinois River and Chicago Area Waterway System. Asian Carp Regional Coordinating Committee. https://invasivecarp.us/Documents/MRP2016.pdf.
41500 Report 2016. Asian Carp Monitory and Response Plan Interim Summary Report. Asian Carp Regional Coordinating Committee. https://invasivecarp.us/Documents/InterimSummary2016.pdf.
41465 Report 2017. Asian Carp Monitoring and Response Plan. Asian Carp Regional Coordinating Committee. https://invasivecarp.us/Documents/MRP2017.pdf.
41464 Report 2018. Asian Carp Monitoring and Response Plan. Asian Carp Regional Coordinating Committee. https://invasivecarp.us/Documents/MRP2018.pdf.
41463 Report 2019. Asian Carp Monitoring and Response Plan. Asian Carp Regional Coordinating Committee. https://invasivecarp.us/Documents/Monitoring-Response-Plan-2019.pdf.
41462 Report 2020. Asian Carp Monitoring and Response Plan. Asian Carp Regional Coordinating Committee. https://invasivecarp.us/Documents/Monitoring-Response-Plan-2020.pdf.
41499 Report 2017. Asian Carp Monitory and Response Plan Interim Summary Report. Asian Carp Regional Coordinating Committee. https://invasivecarp.us/Documents/InterimSummary2017.pdf.
14982 Journal Article Abdusamadov, A.S. 1986. Biology of white amur, Ctenopharyngodon idella, silver carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, and bighead, Aristichthys nobilis, acclimatized in the Terek region of the Caspian Basin. Journal of Ichthyology 26(4):41-49.
20321 Journal Article Adamec, L., and S. Husak. 2002. Control of Eurasian watermilfoil in NNR Brehynsky fishpond near Doksy, Czech Republic. Journal of Aquatic Plant Management 40(1):45-46.
10129 Report Addor, E.E., and R.F. Theriot. 1977. Test plan for the large scale operations management test of the use of the white amur to control aquatic plants. Instructional Report A-77-1, US Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, MS.
40220 Report Aguiar, F., J. E. Colm, and D. M. Marson. 2021. Results of fisheries and oceans Canada's 2020 Asian carp early detection field surveillance program. Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO), Burlingon, Ontario.
28377 News Aleshire, P. 2016. Let The Monster Go, Kiddo. Payson Roundup. Payson, AZ. http://www.paysonroundup.com/news/2016/jan/26/let-monster-go-kiddo/. Created on 01/26/2016. Accessed on 01/28/2016.
14987 Journal Article Aliev, D.S. 1965. Reproduction of the grass carp and the silver carp and the bighead introduced in to the Amudarya Basin. Voprosy Ikhtiologii 5(4):593-599.
14990 Journal Article Alikunhi, K.H., and K.K. Sukumaran, et al. 1963. Induced spawning of the Chinese carps Ctenopharnygodon idellus (C. & V.) and Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (C. &V.) in ponds a Cuttack, India.
26811 Journal Article Aliyev, D.S. 1976. The role of herbivorous fish in the reconstruction of food ichthyofauna and the biological reclamation of water bodies. Journal of Ichthyology 16(2):216-229. https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a041377.pdf.
18042 Journal Article Allen, S.K. Jr, and R.J. Wattendorf. 1987. Triploid grass carp: status and management implications. Fisheries 12(4):20-24.
20331 Journal Article Allen, S.K., and J.G. Stanley. 1983. Ploidy of hybrid grass carp X bighead carp determined by flow cytometry. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 112(3):431-435.
33212 Journal Article Altenritter, M.E., S.M. Pescitelli, A.L. Whitten, and A.F. Casper. 2019. Implications of an invasive fish barrier for the long‐term recovery of native fish assemblages in a previously degraded northeastern Illinois River system. River Research and Applications 35(7):1044-1052. https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.3457.
26817 Other Cut-and-paste reference not available due to unhandled reference type. Please contact support to request the addition of the 'Other' type.
490 Journal Article Anonymous. 1977. Grass carp problems. SFI Bulletin 288:5.
40181 News Anonymous. 1984. Fisheries chief advises caution. Santa Fe Institute. 357.
1532 News Anonymous. 1990. Two enter guilty pleas in fish sale. Milwaukee Sentinel. June.
841 Journal Article Anonymous. 1994. Grass carp spawning in Texas. Fisheries 19(7):48.
831 Other Cut-and-paste reference not available due to unhandled reference type. Please contact support to request the addition of the 'Other' type.
1548 News Anonymous. 1996. Water officials release carp. Tampa Tribune, 18 Dec. 1996.
24133 News Anonymous. 2004. Angler may have world-record grass carp. BassonHook.com. http://www.bassonhook.com/newsinfo/article 619.html. Accessed 6/16/2011.
17284 Web Page Anonymous. 2008. City receives grant to combat invasive species at Brown’s Pond. http://www.midhudsonnews.com/News/BrownPond_grant_SCGJ-17Jan08.html (accessed 1 February 2008).
28379 News Anonymous. 2008. Weed-eating ‘little marines' to storm Green Valley Lakes. Payson Roundup. Payson, AZ. http://www.paysonroundup.com/news/2008/jul/17/weedeating_little_marines/. Created on 07/17/2008. Accessed on 01/28/2016.
41458 Report Asian Carp Regional Coordinating Committee. 2012. FY 2012 Asian Carp Control Strategy Framework. Asian Carp Regional Coordinating Committee. https://invasivecarp.us/Documents/2012Framework.pdf.
41457 Report Asian Carp Regional Coordinating Committee. 2013. FY 2013 Asian Carp Control Strategy Framework. Asian Carp Regional Coordinating Committee. https://invasivecarp.us/Documents/2013Framework.pdf.
41456 Report Asian Carp Regional Coordinating Committee. 2014. Asian Carp Control Strategy Framework. Asian Carp Regional Coordinating Committee. https://invasivecarp.us/Documents/2014Framework.pdf.
41455 Report Asian Carp Regional Coordinating Committee. 2015. Asian Carp Control Strategy Framework. Asian Carp Regional Coordinating Committee. https://invasivecarp.us/Documents/2015Framework.pdf.
41453 Report Asian Carp Regional Coordinating Committee. 2016. 2016 Asian Carp Action Plan. Asian Carp Regional Coordinating Committee. https://invasivecarp.us/Documents/2016AsianCarpActionPlan.pdf.
41454 Report Asian Carp Regional Coordinating Committee. 2016. Asian Carp Action Plan for Fiscal Year 2017. Asian Carp Regional Coordinating Committee. https://invasivecarp.us/Documents/2017ActionPlan.pdf.
41452 Report Asian Carp Regional Coordinating Committee. 2018. Asian Carp Action Plan for Fiscal Year 2018. Asian Carp Regional Coordinating Committee. https://invasivecarp.us/Documents/2018ActionPlan.pdf.
41451 Report Asian Carp Regional Coordinating Committee. 2020. Asian Carp Action Plan for Fiscal Year 2020. Asian Carp Regional Coordinating Committee.
41450 Report Asian Carp Regional Coordinating Committee. 2021. Asian Carp Action Plan for Fiscal Year 2021. Asian Carp Regional Coordinating Committee.
41460 Report Asian Carp Regional Coordinating Committee. 2010. 2011 Asian Carp Control Strategy Framework. Asian Carp Regional Coordinating Committee. https://invasivecarp.us/Documents/2011Framework.pdf.
37982 Web Page Augur Lake Property Owner's Association. 2022. Sterile Carp. https://www.augurlake.net/information-for-new-owners/sterile-carp. Accessed on 05/06/2022.
1338 Journal Article Avault, J.W., Jr. 1965. Preliminary studies with grass carp for aquatic weed control. The Progressive Fish-Culturist 27(4):207-209.
38465 Report Avault, J.W., R.O. Smitherman, and E.W. Shell. 1968. Evaluation of eight species of fish for aquatic weed control. Food and Aquaculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.
30757 News Baab, B. 2017. Corps declares war on hydrilla; Thurmond to get 17,725 grass carp. The Augusta Chronicle. Augusta, GA. http://chronicle.augusta.com/sports/2017-11-02/corps-declares-war-hydrilla-thurmond-get-17725-grass-carp. Created on 11/02/2017. Accessed on 11/03/2017.
26724 Report Baerwaldt, K., A. Benson, and K. Irons. 2013. State of the carp: Asian carp distribution in North America. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Rock Island, IL. http://www.asiancarp.us/news/DistributionMaps.htm.
24801 Other Cut-and-paste reference not available due to unhandled reference type. Please contact support to request the addition of the 'Other' type.
27256 Report Bailey, W.M. 1972. Arkansas's evaluation of the desirability of introducing the white amur (Ctenopharyngodon idella Val.) for control of aquatic weeds. Arkansas Game and Fish Commission, Lonoke, AR.
15002 Journal Article Bailey, W.M. 1978. A comparison of fish populations before and after extensive grass carp stocking. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 107(1):181-206.
15003 Conference Proceedings Bailey, W.M., and R.L. Boyd. 1970. A preliminary report on spawning and rearing of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) in Arkansas in Twenty-Fourth Annual Conference of the Southeastern Association of Game and Fish Commisioners. Arkansas Game and Fish Commission. Little Rock, AR.
903 Journal Article Bain, M.B. 1993. Assessing impacts of introduced aquatic species: grass carp in large systems. Environmental Management 17(2):211-224.
815 Journal Article Bain, M.B., D.H. Webb, M.D. Tangedal, and L.N. Mangum. 1990. Movements and habitat use by grass carp in a large mainstream reservoir. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 119:553-561.
18996 News Barber, M. 2001. Mil-foiled at every turn, city hopes fish can clean up mess. Seattle Post. August 31,2001.
1052 News Bauers, S. 1995. Debate on fish that can't scale back. The Philadelphia Inquirer (June 4, 1995).
26776 Report Beach, M.L., W.W. Miley II, J.M. Van Dyke, and D.M. Riley. 1976. The effect of the Chinese grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella (Val.)) on the ecology of four Florida lakes and its use for aquatic weed control. Florida Dept. of Natural Resources, Tallahassee, FL.
18365 Other Cut-and-paste reference not available due to unhandled reference type. Please contact support to request the addition of the 'Other' type.
26782 Report Beaty, P.R., R.G. Thiery, and R.K. Fuller. 1983. Impact of hybrid Amur in two California irrigation systems. Aquatic Research Group, Coachella Valley Water District, Coachella, CA.
17244 News Beck, C. 2007. Grass carp found in Lady Bird Lake. News 8 Austin. January 17. http://www.news8austin.com/content/your_news/default.asp?ArID=198139 (accessed Jan 17, 2008).
15016 Journal Article Beck, M.L., C.J. Biggers, and H.K. Dupree. 1980. Karyological analysis of Ctenopharyngodon idella, Aristichthys nobilis, and their F1 hybrid. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 109:433-438.
15015 Journal Article Beck, M.L., C.J. Biggers, et al. 1980. Chromosomal and electrophoretic analyses of hybrids between grass carp and bighead carp (Pisces: Cyprinidae). Copeia 1984(2):337-342.
15017 Journal Article Beck, M.L., C.J. Biggers, et al. 1983. Electrophoretic analysis of protein systems of Ctenopharyngodon idella (Val.), Hypophthalmichthys nobilis (Rich.) and their F1 triploid hybrid. Journal of Fish Biology 22:603-611.
15014 Journal Article Beck, M.L., C.J. Biggers, et al. 1983. Ploidy of hybrids between grass carp and bighead carp determined by morphological analysis. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 112:808-811.
32270 Database Belcik, J.T. 2018. Nonindigenous Fishes in the Upper Illinois River Basin Waterways (2013-2018). U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Chicago, IL. Created on 11/20/2018.
26813 Report Bergersen, E.P. 1987. Grass carp and waterfowl interactions. Research Information Bulletin 87-51. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, DC.
15022 Journal Article Berry, P.Y., and M.P. Low. 1970. Comparative studies on some aspects of the morphology and histology of Ctenopharyngodon idellus, Aristichthys nobilis, and their hybrid (Cyprinidae). Copeia 1970(4):708-726.
14309 News Beshears, E. 2004. High water may have sent grass carp fleeing. The Charlotte Observer. September 26, 2004.
14397 News Beshears, E. 2005. Fish brought to feed on unwelcome weed. The Charlotte Observer. 2005 (June 8). http://www.charlotte.com/mld/charlotte/news/11840542.htm.
15023 Journal Article Bettoli, P.W., W.H. Neill, et al. 1985. Temperature preference and heat resistance of grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella (Valenciennes), bighead carp, Hypophthalmichthys nobilis (Gray), and their F1 hybrid. Journal of Fish Biology 27:239-247.
15024 Journal Article Bezrukov, V.F., and G.D. Berdyshev. 1983. Variability in the muscle proteins of white amur, Ctenopharyngodon idella, silver carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, and bighead, Aristichthys nobilis (Cyprinidae). Journal of Ichthyology 23(3):134-139.
20387 Journal Article Blackwell, B.G., and B.R. Murphy. 1996. Low-density triploid grass carp stockings for submersed vegetation control in small impoundments. Journal of Freshwater Ecology 11(4):475-484.
18701 News Blount, D. 2009. Belews Lake Getting Grass Carp To Help With Hydrilla. digtriad.com. May 27. http://www.digtriad.com/news/local/article.aspx?storyid=124780&catid=57.
34233 Journal Article Bodis, E., P. Borza, I. Potyo, M. Puky, A. Weiperth, and G. Guti. 2012. Invasive mollusc, crustacean, fish and reptile species along the Hungarian stretch of the River Danube and some connected waters. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 58(Suppl):29-45.
33855 Report Bogutskaya, N., L.A. Jones, N.E. Mandrak, and B. Cudmore. 2017. Annotated bibliography of Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) from Russian-language literature. Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Canadian Science Advisory Secretariat Document 2016/094. https://www.researchgate.net.
15034 Book Chapter Bolu, Y., Z. Liang, Z. Yu, R. Lin, and M. He. 2006. A study of the early development of grass carp, black carp, silver carp, and bighead carp in the Yangtze River, China in Chapman, D.C, ed. Early development of four cyprinids native to Yangtze River, China. U.S. Geological Survey. Reston, VA.
33889 Journal Article Bonar, S.A., B. Bolding, and M. Divens. 2002. Effects of triploid grass carp on aquatic plants, water quality, and public satisfaction in Washington State. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 22:96-105.
15035 Journal Article Bonar, S.A., G.L. Thomas, and G.B. Pauley. 1988. Evaluation of the separation of triploid and diploid grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella (Valenciennes). by external morphology. Journal of Fish Biology 33:895-898.
10486 Journal Article Bonar, S.A., G.L. Thomas, S.L. Thiesfeld, G.B. Pauley, and T.B. Stables. 1993. Effect of Triploid Grass Carp on the Aqautic Macrophyte Community of Devils Lake, Oregon. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 13:757-765.
14514 Journal Article Bonar, S.A., S.A. Vecht, C.R. Bennett, G.B. Paulay, and G.L. Thomas. 1992. Capture of grass carp from vegetated lakes. Journal of Aquatic Plant Management 31:168-174. http://www.apms.org/japm/vol31/v31p168.pdf.
42869 Journal Article Bopp, J.J., T.O. Brenden, M.D. Faust, C.S. Vandergoot, R.T. Kraus, J.J. Roberts, and L.R. Nathan. 2023. Drivers and timing of grass carp movement within the Sandusky River, Ohio: implications to potential spawning barrier response strategy. Biological Invasions 25:2439-2459. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10530-023-03049-9#MOESM1.
18648 Web Page Bowen, K. 2009. Clifton Park Ponds Getting More Weed-eating Fish. http://www.dailygazette.com/news/2009/may/05/0505_carpweed/ accessed 5/5/09.
26808 Conference Proceedings Boyle, T.P. 1979. Aquatic Plants, Lake Management, and Ecosystem Consequences of LAke Harvesting,. Pages 269-283 in Breck, J.E., R.T. Prentki, and O.L. Loucks, eds. Responses of experimental lentic aquatic ecosystems to supression of rooted macrophytes. University of Wisconsin. Madison, WI.
15039 Journal Article Bozhko, S.I., A. Horvath, and B. Meszaros. 1976. Karyological examinations for four species of Cyprinidae from Hungary. Acta Bilogica Debrecina 13:237-354.
32483 Journal Article Brandenburg, W.H., T.A. Francis, D.E. Snyder, K.R. Bestgen, B.A. Hines, W.D. Wilson, S. Bohn, A.S. Harrison, and S.L. Clark Barkalow. 2019. Discovery of Grass Carp larvae in the Colorado River arm of Lake Powell. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 39(1):166-171. https://afspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/nafm.10258.
14510 Journal Article Brown, D.J., and T.G. Coon. 1991. Grass carp larvae in the lower Missouri River and its tributaries. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 11(1):62-66.
41938 Report Bryant, D.B., S.T. Maynord, H.E. Park, L. Coe, J. Smith, and R. Styles. 2016. Navigation Effects on Asian Carp Movement Past Electric Barrier, Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal. US Army Corps of Engineers, Vicksburg, MS.
29302 Database Camacho, C. 2017. Asian Carp egg and larval presence in the Mississippi Basin, 2014-2015. Iowa Dept. of Natural Resources. Created on 01/10/2017.
40594 Journal Article Camacho, C.A., C.J. Sullivan, M.J. Weber, and C.L. Pierce. 2019. Morphological identification of bighead carp, silver carp, and grass carp eggs using random forests machine learning classification. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 39(6):1373-1384. https://doi.org/10.1002/nafm.10380.
29673 Web Page Candlewood Lake Authority. 2017. Five Facts: Candlewood Lake Grass Carp Program. www.icontactarchive. com/HJfY9I0NQYSQqba7g97DvgnFeC1CWK7U?w=4. Accessed on 03/23/2017.
468 Report Carp Task Force. 1989. Report to the Louisiana Legislature, March, 1989. US Fish and Wildlife Service.
26796 Journal Article Carter, C.C., and R.S. Hestand. 1979. Taxonomic characteristics of aquatic plants from the alimentary tract of grass carp. Journal of Aquatic Plant Management 17:49-53.
38397 Report Carver, D.C., L. Richardson, B.J. Fontenot, Jr. 1971. The white amur. Louisiana Wildlife and Fisheries Commission Fish Division, Baton Rouge, Louisiana.
15060 Journal Article Cassani, J.R. 1981. Feeding behaviour of underyearling hybrids of the grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella (female) and the bighead, Hypophthalmichthys nobilis (male) on selected species of aquatic plants. Journal of Fish Biology 18:127-133.
15684 Book Chapter Cassani, J.R. 1994. Grass carp manual; 1994 regulatory status of grass carp. Page p. 149 in Wattendorf & Phillippy.
33887 Journal Article Cassani, J.R. 1995. Problems and propects for grass carp as a management tool. American Fisheries Society Symposium 15:407-412.
15061 Journal Article Cassani, J.R., and W.E. Caton. 1985. Induced triploidy in grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella Val. Aquaculture 46:37-44.
26820 Journal Article Cassani, J.R., and W.E. Caton. 1986. Efficient production of triploid grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) utilizing hydrostatic pressure. Aquaculture 55:43-50.
26822 Journal Article Cassani, J.R., and W.E. Caton. 1986. Growth comparisons of diploid and triploid grass carp under varying conditions. The Progressive Fish-Culturist 48:184-187.
15062 Journal Article Cassani, J.R., W.E. Caton, and B. Clark. 1984. Morphological comparisons of diploid and triploid hybrid grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella (female) X Hypophthalmichthys nobilis (male). Journal of Fish Biology 25:269-278.
14432 Web Page Center for Marine Science, University of North Carolina, Wilmington. 2004. Nonnative fishes of the Cape Fear River system. http://www.uncwil.edu/cmsr/aquaticecology/lcfrp/fisheries/nonnative.htm.
18979 Journal Article Champeau, T.R. 1990. Ichthyofaunal Evaluation of the Peace River, Florida. Florida Scientist 53(4):302-311.
31135 Journal Article Chapman D.C., Davis J.J., Jenkins J.A., Kocovsky P.M., Miner J.G., Farver J., and Jackson P.R. 2013. First evidence of grass carp recruitment in the Great Lakes Basin. Journal of Great Lakes Research 39(4):547-554. https://www-sciencedirect-com/science/article/pii/S0380133013001445.
35302 Journal Article Chapman, D.C., A.J. Benson, H.S. Embke, N.R. King, P.M. Kocovsky, T.D. Lewis, and N.E. Mandrak. 2021. Status of the major aquaculture carps of China in the Laurentian Great Lakes Basin. Journal of Great Lakes Research 47(1):3-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2020.07.018.
27166 Book Chapman, D.C., and M.H. Hoff (eds.). 2007. Invasive Asian carps in North America. American Fisheries Society Symposium 74, Bethesda, MD.
26598 Journal Article Chapman, D.C., J.J. Davis, J.A. Jenkins, P.M. Kocovsky, J.G. Miner, J. Farver, and P.R. Jackson. 2013. First evidence of grass carp recruitment in the Great Lakes Basin. Journal of Great Lakes Research 39(4):547-554. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2013.09.019.
40596 Journal Article Chapman, D.C., M. Milardi, and F.A. Mann. 2019. Ligation and division of ductus deferens does not produce long term sterility in most bighead carp or grass carp. Management of Biological Invasions 10(2):285-295. https://doi.org/10.3391/mbi.2019.10.2.05.
15066 Journal Article Chen, N.-S., and C.-F. Shih. 1955. Oxygen consumption of Ctenopharyngodon idellus, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and Aristichthys nobilis. Acta Zoologica Sinica 7(1):42-57.
15070 Journal Article Chervinski, J. 1977. Note on the adaptability of silver carp -- Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Val.) -- and grass carp -- Ctenopharyngodon idella (Val.) -- to various salinities. Aquaculture 11:179-182.
351 Other Cut-and-paste reference not available due to unhandled reference type. Please contact support to request the addition of the 'Other' type.
1048 Journal Article Chilton, II, E.W., and M.I. Muoneke. 1992. Biology and management of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella, Cyprinidae) for vegetation control: a North American perspective. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 2:283-320.
15074 Journal Article Ciborowska, J. 1971. The food of phytophagus fish (Ctenopharyngodon idella Val., Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Val., Aristichthys nobilis Rich.) reared with common carp in fry ponds. Roczniki Nauk Rolniczych 94(2):41-59.
28795 Journal Article Clemens, B.J., J.J. Spangler, P.L. Robertson, G.M. Galovich, C.R. Banner, S.L. Gunckel, L.L. Ketchum, R.K. Bowden, S.T. Spagnoli, M.L. Kent, and J.P. Kirk. 2016. Persistence of triploid Grass Carp in Devils Lake, Oregon. Journal of Wildlife Management 7(1):153-161. http://www.fwspubs.org/doi/pdf/10.3996/042015-JFWM-044?ai=vjm&ui=10r3r&af=H ; http://www.fwspubs.org/doi/suppl/10.3996/042015-JFWM-044?ai=vjm&ui=10r3r&af=H.
15568 Report Clugston, J.P., and J.V. Shireman. 1987. Triploid grass carp for aquatic plant control. US Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, DC.
10654 Journal Article Colangelo, P.A. 1998. Fish and Boat Commission: Triploid Grass Carp Permit Applications. Pennsylvania Bulletin 28(40):4992.
1917 Journal Article Colle, D.E., R.L. Cailteaux, and J.V. Shireman. 1989. Distribution of Florida largemouth bass in a lake after elimination of all submersed aquatic vegetation. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 9:213-218.
185 Report Conner, J.V., R.P. Gallagher, and M.F. Chatry. 1980. Larval evidence for natural reproduction of the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) in the lower Mississippi River. In L.A. Fuiman, ed., Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Larval Fish Conference. FWS/OBS-80/43. United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Biological Services Program, National Power Plant Team, Ann Arbor, MI.
19394 Report Conover, G., R. Simmonds, and M. Whalen, editors. 2007. Management and control plan for bighead, black, grass, and silver carps in the Unites States. Asian Carp Working Group, Aquatic Nuisance Species Task Force, Washington DC, US.
26050 Journal Article Cornwell, E.R., G.B. Anderson, G.A. Wooster, R.G. Getchell, G.H. Groocock, J.W. Casey, M.B. Bain, and P.R. Bowser. 2012. Low prevalence of Cyprinid Herpesvirus 3 found in common carp (Cyprinus carpio carpio) collected from nine locations in the Great Lakes. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 48(4):1092-1096.
39280 Report Courtenay, W.R., Jr. Regulation of aquatic invasives in the United States of America, with emphasis on fishes. Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL.
18736 Book Chapter Courtenay, W.R., Jr. 1979. Chapter 14: The introduction of exotic organisms. Pages 237-253 in Brokaw, H.P, ed. Wildlife and America: contributions to an understanding of American wildlife and its conservation. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Washington, DC.
15081 Journal Article Courtenay, W.R., Jr., and C.R. Robins. 1972. The grass carp enigma. BioScience 22(4):210.
31214 Report Cowx, I. 1997. Introduction of fish species into European fresh waters: economic successes or ecological disasters? Bulletin Français de la Pêche et de la Pisciculture 70.
26810 Journal Article Cross, D.G. 1969. Aquatic weed control using grass carp. Journal of Fish Biology 1:27-30.
15092 Journal Article Cross, D.G. 1970. The tolerance of grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella (Val.) to seawater. Journal of Fish Biology 2:231-233.
962 Journal Article Crossman, E.J., S.J. Nepszy, and P. Krause. 1987. The first record of grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella, in Canadian waters. Canadian Field-Naturalist 101(4):584-586.
14305 Report Cudmore, B., and N.E. Mandrak. 2004. Biological synopsis of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Canadian Manuscript Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 2705. Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Burlington, Ontario.
29424 Report Cudmore, B., L.A. Jones, N.E. Mandrak, J.M. Dettmers, D.C. Chapman, C.S. Kolar, and G. Conover. 2017. Ecological risk assessment of Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) for the Great Lakes Basin. Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. http://www.dfo–mpo.gc.ca/csas–sccs/.
29040 Web Page Culbertson, J. 2016. Exotic fish discovered in urban bayous of Galveston Bay. https://tpwd.texas.gov/fishboat/fish/didyouknow/coastal/exotics.phtml. Accessed on 09/20/2016.
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42810 Journal Article Kroboth, P.T., D.C. Chapman, J.A. Steevens, and C.G. Byrd. 2022. Ingested toxicity of antimycin A to grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella and black carp Mylopharyngodon piceus in two carriers. Management of Biological Invasions 13(4):737-749. https://www.reabic.net/journals/mbi/2022/4/MBI_2022_Kroboth_etal.pdf.
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15216 Journal Article Krykhtin, M.L., and E. I Gorbach. 1981. Reproductive ecology of the grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella, and the silver carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, in the Amur Basin. Journal of Ichthyology 21(2):109-123.
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34931 Database Lang, K. 2020. Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon idella from Sandusky River, Ohio, October 2020. University of Toledo. Created on 11/06/2020.
40641 Journal Article Lauber, T.B., R.C. Stedman, N.A. Connelly, R.C. Ready, L.G. Rudstam, and G.L. Poe. 2020. The effects of aquatic invasive species on recreational fishing participation and value in the Great Lakes: possible future scenarios. Journal of Great Lakes Research 46(3):656-665. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2020.04.003.
26779 Report Lembi, C.A., and B.G. Ritenour. 1977. The White Amur as a biological control for aquatic weeds in Indiana. Water Resources Research Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN.
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26791 Journal Article Leslie, A.J. Jr., J.M. Van Dyke, L.E. Nall, and W.W. Miley II. 1982. Current velocity for transport of grass carp eggs. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 111:99-101.
15652 Journal Article Leslie, A.J. Jr., L.E. Nall, and J.M. Van Dyke. 1983. Effects of vegetation control by grass carp on selected water-quality variables in four Florida lakes. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 112:777-787.
15226 Journal Article Leslie, J., A.J., and G.J. Kobylinski. 1985. Benthic macroinvertebrate response to aquatic vegetation removal by grass carp in north-Florida reservoir. Florida Scientist 48:220-231.
40644 Journal Article Li, D., W. Prinyawiwatkul, Y. Tan, Y. Luo, and H. Hong. 2021. Asian carp: a threat to American lakes, a feast on Chinese tables. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety 20(3):2968-2990. https://doi.org/10.1111/1541-4337.12747.
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15243 Journal Article Lirski, A., and K. Opuszynski. 1988. Upper lethal temperatures for carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) and the phytophagous fishes (Ctenopharyngodon idella Cal., Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Val., Aristichthys nobilis Rich.) in the first period of life. Roczniki Nauk Rolnicych 101(4):11-29.
15244 Journal Article Lirski, A., and K. Opuszynski. 1988. Lower lethal temperatures for carp (Cyprinus carpio L. ) and the phytophagous fishes (Ctenopharyngodon idella Cal., Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Val., Aristichthys nobilis Rich.) in the first period of life. Roczniki Nauk Rolniczych 101(4):11-29.
24961 Journal Article Liu, D., and W. Tang. 2012. Invasion status worldwide of the four major culture fishes and their adaptive features. Chinese Journal of Ecology 47(4):143-152.
25882 Journal Article Loch, J.J., and S.A. Bonar. 1999. Occurrence of grass carp in the lower Columbia and Snake rivers. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 128(2):374-379.
32471 News Luck, I. 2019. Tackling hydrilla at Lake Anna. The Central Virginian. Louis, VA. http://www.thecentralvirginian.com/tackling-hydrilla-at-lake-anna-2/. Created on 02/20/2019. Accessed on 02/20/2019.
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15252 Journal Article Maceina , M.J., and J.V. Shireman. 1980. Effects of salinity on vegetation consumption and growth in grass carp. The Progressive Fish-Culturist 42:50-53.
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40224 Report Mandrak, N. E., S. Grafe, A. Lewin, P. Hunter, and T. Heer. 2020. Preliminary assessment of the suitability of Canadian Great Lakes tributaries for Asian carp spawning. Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO), Ottawa, ON (Canada).
14482 Report Mandrak, N.E., and B. Cudmore. 2005. Risk assessment for Asian carps in Canada. Research Document 2004/103. Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Burlington, Ontario.
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26773 Conference Proceedings Many. 1979. . Page 236 in J.V. Shireman, ed. Proceedings of the Grass Carp Conference. Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Gainesville, FL.
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26792 Journal Article Martino, K.V. 1974. Natural reproduction of the white amur in bodies of water of the lower Volga. Gidrobiologicheskii Zhurnal 10(1):91-93.
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34619 Web Page Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. 2020. DNR removes 18 invasive carp from Little Sioux River watershed in southwestern Minnesota. https://www.dnr.state.mn.us/news/2020/07/16/dnr-removes-18-invasive-carp-little-sioux-river-watershed-southwestern-minnesota. Created on 07/16/2020. Accessed on 09/13/2020.
34431 Web Page Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. 2020. DNR removes 18 invasive carp from Little Sioux River watershed in southwestern Minnesota. https://www.dnr.state.mn.us/news/2020/07/16/dnr-removes-18-invasive-carp-little-sioux-river-watershed-southwestern-minnesota. Created on 07/20/2020. Accessed on 07/20/2020.
34190 Web Page Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. 2020. More than 50 invasive carp captured on Mississippi River. https://www.dnr.state.mn.us/news/2020/03/13/more-50-invasive-carp-captured-mississippi-river. Created on 03/17/2020. Accessed on 03/17/2020.
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22814 Journal Article Mitchell, A.J. 2004. Effectiveness of praziquantel bath treatments against Bothriocephalus acheilognathi in grass carp. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health 16(3):130-136.
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26783 Report Montegut, R.S., R.D. Gasaway, D.F. DuRant, and J.L. Atterson. 1976. An ecological evaluation of the effects of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) introduction in Lake Wales, Florida. State of Florida, Game and Fresh Water Fish Commission, Tallahassee, FL.
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20901 Book Chapter Nico, L.G., A. Demopoulos, D. Gualtieri, and C. Wieser. 2011. Use of stable isotopes and mercury to assess trophic positions of black carp and other large fishes in the Red-Atchafalaya River system, Louisiana, USA. Pages 105-120 in Chapman, D.C., and M.H. Hoff, eds. Invasive Asian carps in North America. American Fisheries Society Symposium 74. American Fisheries Society. Bethesda, MD.
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40210 Thesis or Dissertation Nissen, A. 2018. Hearing thresholds and the impact of anthropogenic noise in four invasive fishes: silver (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), bighead (H. nobilis), black (Mylopharyngodon piceus), and grass (Ctenopharyngodon idella) carp. Unpublished M.S. thesis. University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.
26823 Report Nixon, D.E., R.L. Miller, and R.D. Gasaway. 1977. Movement and ecological effects of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella Val.) introduced in an open reservoir system. Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish Commission, Tallahassee, FL.
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26775 Report Osborne, J.A. 1980. Efficacy of hydrilla control and a stocking model for hybrid grass carp in freshwater lakes. Dept. of Biological Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL.
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33954 Book Chapter Papoulias, D.M., J. Candrl, J.A. Jenkins, and D.E. Tillitt. 2010. Verification of ploidy and reproductive potential in triploid black carp and grass carp. Pages 251-266 in D.C. Chapman and M.H. Hoffman, eds. Invasive Asian Carps in North America. American Fisheries Society Symposium 74. Bethesda, Maryland.
1714 Report Pauley, G.B., G.L. Thomas, S.A. Bonar, J.D. Frodge, D.A. Marino, S.L. Thiesfeld, S. Vecht, K.L. Bowers, and H. Sehgal. 1994. An overview of the use and efficacy of triploid grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella as a biological control of aquatic macrophytes in Oregon and Washington Lakes. IN Proceedings of the Grass Carp Symposium March 7-9, 1994, Gainesville, FL. US Army Corps of Engineers, Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, MS.
10477 Conference Proceedings Pauley, G.B., G.L. Thomas, S.A. Bonar, S.L. Thiesfeld, and J. Frodge. 1988. Aquatic macrophyte changes in Devil's Lake, Oregon, and Keevies Lake, Washington, following stocking of triploid grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Pages 281-291 in Proceedings of the 22nd Annual Meeting on Aquatic Plant Control Research Programs. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Waterways Experiment Station. Vicksburg, MS.
15361 Journal Article Payusova, A.N., and T.N. Tselikova. 1981. Differences and differentiation between grass carp, silver carp, and big-head stocks of different origin from . .. Voprosy Ikhtiologii 21(4):608-615.
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731 Journal Article Pflieger, W.L. 1978. Distribution and status of the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) in Missouri streams. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 107(1):113-118. https://afspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1577/1548-8659(1978)107%3C113:DASOTG%3E2.0.CO;2.
1737 Book Pflieger, W.L. 1997. The fishes of Missouri. Revised edition. Missouri Department of Conservation, Jefferson City, MO.
37293 Book Chapter Pflieger, W.L., and T.B. Grace. 1987. Changes in the fish fauna of the lower Missouri River, 1940–1983. Pages 166-177 in W. L. Matthews, and D. C. Heins, eds. Community and evolutionary ecology of North American stream fishes. University of Oklahoma Press. Norman, OK.
30742 Journal Article Phelps, Q.E., S.J. Tripp, K.R. Bales, D. James, R.A. Hrabik, and D.P. Herzog. 2017. Incorporating basic and applied approaches to evaluate the effects of invasive Asian Carp on native fishes: A necessary first step for integrated pest management. PLoS ONE 12(9):e0184081. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0184081.
15371 Journal Article Pierce, B.A. 1983. Grass carp in the United States: A review. Environmental Management 7(2):151-160.
1742 Journal Article Pigg, J., R. Gibbs, and J. Stahl. 1992. Distribution records for three new introduced species of the ichthyofauna of Oklahoma waters. Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science 72:1-2.
15372 Journal Article Pike, T. 1990. Recovery of grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella, from the Umgeni River, and the possible spread of grass carp in rivers in Natal. Lammergeyer 41:42-43.
32699 Journal Article Pine, R.T. and W.J. Anderson. 1991. Plant preference of triploid grass carp. Journal of Aquatic Plant Management 29:80-82.
33874 Journal Article Pipalova, I. 2002. Initial impact of low stocking density of grass carp on aquatic macrophytes. Aquatic Botany 73:9-18.
33873 Journal Article Pipalova, I. 2006. A review of grass carp use for aquatic weed control and its impacts on water bodies. Pípalová. Journal of Aquatic Plant Management 44:1-12.
18981 Journal Article Poulakis, G.R., R.E. Matheson, Jr., M.E. Mitchell, D.A. Blewett, and C.F. Idelberger. 2004. Fishes of the Charlotte Harbor Estuarine System, Florida. Gulf of Mexico Science 22(2):117-150.
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29672 News Quinn, A. 2017. Carp program to be expanded for Squantz Pond and Candlewood Lake. The News-Times. Danbury, CT. http://www.newstimes.com/local/article/Carp-program-to-be-expanded-for-Squantz-Pond-and-11020642.php. Created on 03/22/2017. Accessed on 03/23/2017.
29749 News Quinn, A. 2017. Candlewood carp are eating milfoil as hoped, report says. NewsTimes. Danbury, CT. http://www.newstimes.com/local/article/Candlewood-carp-are-eating-milfoil-as-hoped-11058915.php. Created on 04/07/2017. Accessed on 04/10/2017.
840 Journal Article Raibley, P.T., D. Blodgett, and R.E. Sparks. 1995. Evidence of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) reproduction in the Illinois and Upper Mississippi Rivers. Journal of Freshwater Ecology 10(1):65-74. https://doi.org/10.1080/02705060.1995.9663418.
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37357 Journal Article Wozney, K.M., and C.C. Wilson. 2017. Quantitative PCR multiplexes for simultaneous multispecies detection of Asian carp eDNA. Journal of Great Lakes Research 43(4):4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2017.05.001.
15500 Journal Article Wozniewski, M., and K. Opuszynski. 1988. Threshold oxygen content in water for juvenile stages of the cyprinids ( Ctenopharyngodon idella Val., Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Val., Aristichthys nobilis Rich., Cyprinus carpio L. Roczniki Nauk Rolniczych 101(4):51-59.
19792 News WSBTV.com. 2011. Invasive Plant Killing Bald Eagles in Georgia. WSBTVcom. http://www.wsbtv.com/news/27950633/detail.html.
37370 Journal Article Wu, X., H. Wu, X. Gu, R. Zhang, J. Ye, and Q. Sheng. 2019. Biomagnification characteristics and health risk assessment of the neurotoxin BMAA in freshwater aquaculture products of Taihu Lake Basin, China. Chemosphere 229:332-340. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0045653519308732.
13561 News Yoon, C.K. 2003. Texans call in a monster fish to tame a monster weed. New York Times. April 8, 2003.
13764 Report Young, B.A., T.L. Welker, M.L. Wildhaber, C.R. Berry, and D. Scarnecchia, editors. 1997. Population structure and habitat use of benthic fishes along the Missouri and lower Yellowstone rivers. US Army Corps of Engineers and the US Bureau of Reclamation. http://www.cerc.usgs.gov/pubs/benfish/pdfdocs/benth97.pdf.
22951 Journal Article Young, E.M., J.P. Monaghan, and R.C. Heidinger. 1983. Food preferences, food intake, and growth of the F1 hybrid of grass carp x bighead carp. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 112(5):661-664.
40687 Journal Article Yuryshynets, V.I., O.O. Shlapak, D.A. Yeriomenko, and M.T. Primachov. 2019. Peculiarities of forming of the far-east introduced fishes' symbiocenoses: structure and symbiotic interrelations. Hydrobiological Journal 55(2):93-105. https://doi.org/10.1615/hydrobj.v55.i2.80.
42997 Journal Article Zajicek, P., A.E. Goodwin, and T. Weier. 2011. Triploid Grass Carp: Triploid Induction, Sterility, Reversion, and Certification. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 31(4):614-618. https://doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2011.608616.
42998 Journal Article Zajicek, P., A.E. Goodwin, and T. Weier. 2011. Triploid Grass Carp: Triploid Induction, Sterility, Reversion, and Certification. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 31(4):614-618. https://doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2011.608616.
27699 Journal Article Zajicek, P., T. Weier, S. Hardin, J.R. Cassani, and V. Mudrak. 2009. A triploid grass carp risk analysis specific to Florida. Journal of Aquatic Plant Management 47:15-20.
34236 Journal Article Zhelev, Z.M., A.G. Tsekov, G.S. Popgeorgiev, M.V. Angelov, P.S. Boyadzhiev, and T.R. Stefanov. 2018. Ichthyofauna in the Lower Course of the Sazliyka River,Southern Bulgaria: Composition, Diversity, SeasonalDynamics and Conservation Significance. ACTA Zoologica Bulgarica 70(3):331-338.
30851 Database Zimmerman, B. 2012. Ohio non-native fish collection data, sampled during survey work on update to Trautman's (1981) "Fishes of Ohio". Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Columbus, OH. Created on 12/01/2012. Accessed on 11/30/2017.
1711 Conference Proceedings Zimpfer, S.P., C.F. Bryan, and C.H. Pennington. 1987. Factors associated with the dynamics of grass carp larvae in the lower Mississippi River Valley. 10th Annual Larval Fish Conference. Pages 102-108 in American Fiseries Society Symposium. Bethesda, MD.
15516 Journal Article Zimpfer, S.P., C.F. Byran, et al. 1987. Factors associated with the dynamics of grass carp larvae in the lower Mississippi River valley. American Fisheries Society Symposium 2:102-108.


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Citation information: U.S. Geological Survey. [2024]. Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database. Gainesville, Florida. Accessed [4/23/2024].

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